Congenital hypothyroidism is usually not curable and should be diagnosed promptly and treated early. The main causes of congenital hypothyroidism are an underdeveloped or underdeveloped thyroid gland, hereditary enzyme defects in the thyroxine synthesis pathway, and thyroid-stimulating hormone defects. It is usually difficult to cure, and treatment should continue for life. Generally, replacement therapy is done with drugs such as levothyroxine sodium to maintain serum thyroid hormone levels within the normal range. Patients with hypothyroidism should be reviewed regularly. With the prolongation of the course of hypothyroidism, the amount of thyroid hormone replacement will change, and should be evaluated in time and the dose adjusted as appropriate. Patients with congenital hypothyroidism should go to the hospital as soon as possible and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.