Li old man nearly 70 years old, has been in good health, the last six months has always happened strange things, out of the home, and a few times fell down the roadside, by passers-by sent to the hospital or home. The neighbors reminded him if he needed to see a doctor, and the family suddenly realized that he was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and hydrocephalus. The incidence of dementia is on the rise because of changes in diet, work and living environment, causing a great economic burden to society and families. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by impairment of acquired higher cortical functions, i.e. dementia, including varying degrees of impairment of memory, sensory ability, judgment, thinking ability, and motor ability, as well as impairment of emotional response and personality changes. The disease is a multi-morbid heterogeneous disease with characteristic neuropathological and neurochemical changes, often starting in the pre-mortem period, but with a higher incidence in old age. Apoptosis. The human brain is immersed in crystal clear cerebrospinal fluid, which provides nutrients to the brain and buffers external forces, and is continuously generated and absorbed through the circulation. Hydrocephalus, on the other hand, is caused by various factors, such as excessive secretion of cerebrospinal fluid, obstructed circulation or impaired absorption, resulting in the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system and/or the subarachnoid space, resulting in enlargement of the ventricles and a corresponding decrease in pressure on normal brain parenchyma, called hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus can be divided into high-pressure hydrocephalus and normal-pressure hydrocephalus, both of which affect normal brain function, cause ischemia and hypoxia in brain cells, and even lead to neuronal cell apoptosis. Chronic high-pressure hydrocephalus in adults is often characterized by chronic intracranial hypertension, limited eye movement, mental and behavioral disorders or abnormalities, memory loss, decreased limb mobility, and endocrine abnormalities, while in normal pressure hydrocephalus, there are often obvious “triadic signs”: 1. Mental disorders, as the disease progresses, the patient’s thinking and movement may be slowed, and in severe cases, there may be significant speech retardation, silence, reduced motor function of the limbs, memory and writing impairment; 3. urinary incontinence. It can be seen that whatever the type of hydrocephalus, it can affect the metabolism of normal neuronal cells and cause damage to brain parenchyma cells, which leads to Alzheimer’s disease and its corresponding symptoms. Families often do not understand what is wrong with the elderly, and they are unable to see what is wrong even after looking around, and some even miss the best time for treatment. So, what are the best ways to treat Alzheimer’s and hydrocephalus nowadays? The treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is drug-based and is broadly divided into drugs that improve the function of the cholinergic system, drugs that reduce oxygen stress and intracellular calcium overload, and drugs that interfere with Aβ formation and deposition, depending on the cause of their disease. However, from the perspective of actual treatment, the FDA has approved only two drugs, tacrine and E-2020, and China has developed its own staphylococcus aureus. However, these drugs are only effective in the early stage of dementia and improving cognitive dysfunction, but also have certain side effects and short-lived effects and other disadvantages, and tacrine is extremely damaging to the liver and is no longer used in China. CT and MRI are the main and reliable methods to examine hydrocephalus, and the blunting and rounding of the temporal and frontal angles of the lateral ventricles are the most typical. High pressure hydrocephalus, regardless of the etiology, needs to be treated actively with both pharmacological and surgical treatment. The former mainly reduces cerebrospinal fluid secretion and increases water drainage, generally using various types of diuretics to drain water, and acetazolamide has a strong inhibitory effect on cerebrospinal fluid secretion and is mainly used in light patients and temporary preoperative medication. Drainage of excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the abdominal cavity, i.e., ventriculoperitoneal shunt, is the first method of surgical treatment of hydrocephalus. In some cases, such as adhesions resulting from abdominal infection, ventriculoperitoneal shunts are also considered. The management of normal pressure hydrocephalus is relatively complex and requires a thorough preoperative evaluation. If the pressure is below 180 mmH2O, but the patient’s gait improves after releasing 20 mml of cerebrospinal fluid, a shunt should be performed; if the gait does not improve, continuous cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be considered. measurement. If B wave is obvious, shunt can be performed; if there is no B wave, lumbar spine only ventricular perfusion experiment is feasible. In addition to these, some clinical phenomena can also predict the efficacy of surgery: 1) gait changes, which can be the main indication for shunting; 2) dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure; 3) improvement of patient symptoms after continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture. At present, the improvement of symptoms caused by hydrocephalus after long-term ventriculoperitoneal shunt is remarkable, among which, patients’ gait abnormalities are often the first to be relieved, the improvement of cognitive function is slower than the former, and the symptoms of dementia and urinary incontinence can be significantly reduced. Therefore, although there are more factors affecting the efficacy of shunt surgery, we emphasize early treatment, and late surgery is less effective because of severe brain parenchymal cell atrophy or severe neurological deficits that are difficult to reverse. The longer the delay in diagnosis and treatment, the less likely it is that the symptoms will improve after bypass surgery. Therefore, we remind our readers to keep a string in their hearts, when the elderly at home have mental and behavioral disorders or abnormalities, memory loss, decreased physical mobility, as well as endocrine abnormalities, urinary incontinence, writing dysfunction, etc., do not be careless, do not simply think that it is old, people are old, it is best to go to the neurosurgery clinic for a detailed examination, not only to exclude It is better to go to neurosurgery clinic for detailed examination, not only to exclude other related diseases, but also to deal with hydrocephalus as early as possible once it is found, so as to obtain satisfactory results.