Thoracic surgery is usually in contact with a large proportion of patients with tumors, most of which are malignant, such as esophageal cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, mediastinal tumors and so on. How should this part of the disease be treated? Commonly, patients have the misunderstanding that if they have cancer, they can only wait for death, and they do not want to undergo surgery and other treatments, thinking that they will die faster if they are cured. Of course, at present, the treatment effect of cancer is still unsatisfactory, but we say that we are not afraid of getting cancer, we are afraid of getting late-stage cancer, and the main problem of cancer treatment is recurrence and metastasis. If cancer is detected early and surgically resected before metastasis occurs, the effect will still be satisfactory. We may know that some cancer patients have survived for more than ten years after surgery, and most of them are in this situation. On the contrary, if the cancer has already metastasized, the effect of surgery alone will be much worse, and we all know that some patients do not live long after surgery, and this is the case. Nowadays, surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has prolonged the lives of many patients and is the preferred mode of treatment. Surgery is one of the important and surely effective treatments. The principle of cancer treatment is three early: early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. To achieve the three early, the prerequisite is to have the awareness of cancer prevention, the incidence of cancer is getting higher and higher now, which has seriously threatened people’s life, and don’t think that it is something unattainable, but it often occurs beside us, even by ourselves. The clinical manifestations, sensitive examination and treatment principles of common chest tumors are introduced as follows: 1. Lung Cancer The incidence rate of lung cancer in men is high, but the incidence rate of women is also increasing in recent years, and the age of incidence has a tendency to be lowered at the same time. First of all, we would like to introduce the high-risk group of lung cancer: men, aged 45 or above, with smoking index (the product of the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years of smoking) greater than 400, and the chance of lung cancer is 25 times higher than that of the general population. If you smoke 2 boxes a day for 10 years, the smoking index is 40*10=400 Clinical manifestations: dry cough, sputum and blood are common. However, smokers may also cough in normal times. If it is different from normal times, it should also be noted. Sensitive examination: chest CT, bronchoscopy Treatment principle: should consult the thoracic surgery in time, and the specialized physician should except the possibility of lung cancer. If it is lung cancer, judge its stage, operate if it is suitable for surgery, and take comprehensive treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy if it is not suitable. Esophageal cancer, cardia cancer Clinical manifestations: mostly related to eating, such as dysphagia, pain, etc. Sensitive examination: upper gastrointestinal tractography. Sensitive examination: upper gastrointestinal imaging, gastroscopy. Recommended gastroscopy (can detect early cancer earlier) Treatment principle: consult thoracic surgery in time to judge its stage, operate if it is suitable for surgery, and take comprehensive treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy if it is not suitable. Clinical manifestations: most of them have no obvious symptoms, found by physical examination, some patients have chest pain and chest constriction, etc. Sensitive examination: chest enhanced CT Treatment principle: consult thoracic surgery in time, most of them need surgery. It should be emphasized that: 1. should consult the thoracic surgery in time. Because surgery is the first choice in the treatment mode, and thoracic surgery is more specialized, only a thoracic surgeon can provide the judgment of whether surgery is possible. 2.Try to choose sensitive tests under the guidance of a thoracic surgeon, so that the diagnosis can be clarified as soon as possible with fewer detours. 3.Try to exclude malignant possibility before making benign diagnosis, otherwise you may lose the chance to find early cancer. 4.Do physical examination regularly 5.Run to several hospitals and see several specialists, and make decision after synthesizing opinions.