There are individual differences between dialysis and kidney transplantation, mainly based on the comprehensive assessment of economy, kidney source and patient’s physical condition. Dialysis is divided into hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis, short for hemodialysis, is a kind of blood purification technology. Peritoneal dialysis achieves the purpose of removing metabolites and toxic substances from the body by constantly changing the peritoneal dialysis fluid. Dialysis is mainly used to control the condition, maintain life, and for patients whose disease cannot be cured and whose family’s financial condition is not ideal. Kidney transplantation is commonly known as kidney transplantation. After the operation, if there is no violent rejection reaction, as long as the patient is well-conditioned and takes medication on a regular basis, the clinical efficacy is usually good. Compared with dialysis, the cost of kidney transplant is extremely high and matching kidney sources are rare. If conditions permit, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. The earlier the surgery is performed, the better it is for the survival of the new kidney. For patients with end-stage renal disease, they should go to the hospital in time and be evaluated by specialized doctors for the choice of dialysis or kidney transplantation.