Congenital deafness can usually be divided into congenital deafness and acquired deafness, which are caused by different factors. Congenital deafness is mostly related to heredity and pregnancy-related factors, while acquired deafness may be related to improper medication, trauma, disease factors, environmental stimuli, etc. In some cases, it can be recovered, while in others, it can only be helped by auxiliary means to improve the patient’s quality of life as much as possible. 1. Congenital deafness: There is no effective targeted treatment for this type of deafness, and only timely hearing aids, cochlear implants, and hearing and speech training can help patients live as normal a life as possible. 1. Genetic factors: Any parent carrying the deafness-causing gene may pass it on to their offspring, causing congenital deafness in their offspring. 2. Pregnancy factors: If during pregnancy, the mother is infected with viruses such as syphilis, toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus, etc., may affect the development of the fetus’ auditory system. In addition, if the mother has applied ototoxic drugs, such as gentamicin and kanamycin, during early and mid pregnancy, it may cause congenital deafness in the fetus. If a difficult or premature delivery occurs during childbirth, resulting in hypoxia in the newborn, it may damage the auditory nerve or center, leading to congenital deafness. Second, acquired deafness: In some cases, hearing can be restored with timely treatment, but if the degree is severe and the best time for treatment is missed, it may be incurable.1. Improper medication: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually prone to ototoxicity, such as polymyxin and neomycin, and their long-term improper use can cause sensorineural deafness, usually accompanied by tinnitus, and vestibular function may be affected. Some people are particularly sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics due to genetic mutations and can experience one-shot deafness. Therefore, before applying such drugs, especially those with a family history of deafness, genetic testing is needed to avoid one-shot deafness. 2. Trauma: Cranial injury occurs when the brain is struck by external forces, which may injure the auditory center or inner ear structures and thus affect hearing, which can be recovered with active treatment in less severe cases, and may be difficult to recover in more severe cases. 3. Disease factors: Sudden deafness can occur with sudden monaural Hearing loss or deafness; otitis media, Meniere’s disease and other recurrent attacks can lead to progressive hearing loss or even deafness; hearing neuroma and other inner ear diseases can lead to progressive hearing loss or sudden hearing loss. If the treatment is timely, the development of the disease can be controlled and hearing can be partially or fully restored; some diseases, even after treatment, cannot restore hearing, and hearing can only be improved by wearing hearing aids or electronic cochlear implants; 4. Environmental stimulation: people who are stimulated by loud noise, in a noisy environment for a long time or under strong pressure may have their hearing affected. If the intensity exceeds 120dB, there is a risk of tympanic membrane perforation and rupture, resulting in permanent deafness, leading to hearing can not be restored.