Chronic renal failure is a common clinical syndrome, which usually occurs on the basis of various chronic kidney diseases, with slow onset of renal impairment and progressive deterioration, eventually leading to uremia. Many patients come to the clinic only at the late stage of renal failure due to the insidious onset of the disease or neglecting the treatment of the underlying disease, when both kidneys have basically lost their functions and the effect of drug treatment is often poor, requiring alternative treatments such as dialysis or kidney transplantation, which is not only expensive but also seriously affects the quality of life of patients and brings heavy economic and mental burden to patients. Therefore, early detection, early treatment and adequate attention to the majority of patients with chronic kidney failure is very important. The kidney is the main excretory organ of the human body, regulating water, electrolytes and acid-base balance by excreting metabolites, thus maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the body. Any disease that can disrupt the normal structure and function of the kidney can cause kidney failure, resulting in water and electrolyte disorders and acid-base imbalance, and various complications such as hypertension, heart failure and anemia. However, which diseases often lead to chronic renal failure? According to the survey statistics of many large general hospitals in China, the common causes in China are: primary glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, polycystic kidney, obstructive nephropathy and so on. The following is a brief description of these diseases. Primary glomerulonephritis There are various types of primary glomerulonephritis, among which chronic glomerulonephritis leading to chronic renal failure is the most common. The exact cause of chronic glomerulonephritis (chronic nephritis) is still unknown, the onset of the disease is insidious, the course of the disease is long, the clinical manifestations are diverse, there can be proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, edema, etc., and there are different degrees of renal hypofunction, the condition is sometimes mild and sometimes heavy, and gradually develop into chronic renal failure. 2, diabetic nephropathy With the aging of our population, people’s lifestyle and diet structure changes, the number of people suffering from diabetes has increased rapidly in recent years. Among the many complications of diabetes, kidney damage is the most easily ignored by doctors and patients. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes, especially the incidence is higher after 5 years of diabetes, which is characterized by the increase of kidney volume, glomerular filtration function, increase of trace protein in urine to large amount of proteinuria, increase of blood creatinine, decrease of renal function, and finally end-stage renal failure. Most patients go to the nephrology department only when they have abnormal urine test, swelling or significantly elevated blood creatinine, at which time the best time for treatment has been delayed, and the effect of drug treatment is often less than ideal. Therefore, it is very important to carry out active treatment at this stage of early diabetic nephropathy to control blood sugar, reduce proteinuria, lower blood pressure, protect kidney function and delay the deterioration of kidney function. 3, hypertensive nephropathy Like diabetes, the prevalence of hypertension has been rising rapidly since the 1980s, and its incidence increases with age, making it a common disease among the elderly. People know that hypertension can cause heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, etc. In fact, continuous elevation of blood pressure will increase the burden on the kidneys, causing kidney damage, early nocturia, followed by proteinuria, progressive damage to kidney function, elevated blood creatinine, and finally into renal failure. Therefore, while we closely monitor blood pressure, we should conduct regular urine routine and kidney function tests to detect kidney damage early and treat it early. 4.Polycystic kidney Polycystic kidney is a hereditary disease. Most of the patients have normal or slightly large kidney size in their early years, and occasionally small cysts can be found. The number of cysts and their size increase with age, and the disease progresses slowly, and most of the patients have symptoms only after 40 years old, manifesting as vague pain and discomfort in the waist and abdomen, hematuria, proteinuria, elevated blood pressure, and finally entering renal failure. 5, obstructive nephropathy The kidney damage caused by urinary tract obstruction of urinary excretion disorder is called obstructive nephropathy. The common causes are urinary stones, prostate hyperplasia and hypertrophy in middle-aged and elderly people. If the urinary tract obstruction is not lifted, it will cause irreversible renal function damage and parenchymal destruction, which will eventually lead to renal failure. The above are the more common causes of chronic kidney failure, in addition to systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic purpura, gout and other secondary kidney damage and interstitial nephritis that lead to chronic kidney failure is also more common in clinical practice. Early detection of underlying diseases such as glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and active treatment of these diseases are particularly important to prevent kidney damage and protect kidney function. Chinese medicine has good efficacy and advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic renal failure, through Chinese medicine dialectic, the implementation of individualized programs, while taking into account the overall, treating the internal organs of the disease, to prevent the transmission of disease, such as the use of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, benefitting the qi and nourishing the yin, nourishing the liver and kidney, activating blood stasis, clearing heat and nourishing yin, dispelling wind and dampness, etc., the use of astragalus, prince’s ginseng, Chuan Yu, mulberry, mulberry seeds, rehmannia, angelica, he shouwu, etc., if possible You can make your own medicinal meals. We should try to reduce the occurrence of factors that trigger or aggravate renal failure, and at the same time, we should develop good living habits, exercise, live in moderation, keep our body and mind happy, quit smoking and limit alcohol, low-salt diet, and control body weight. In case of kidney function damage, elevated creatinine and urea nitrogen in the blood, do not “rush to the doctor”, should go to the regular hospital nephrology specialist for standardized treatment in a timely manner. Chinese medicine can improve the symptoms, reduce creatinine and urea nitrogen, and improve the quality of life of patients through various methods such as strengthening the spleen and benefiting the kidneys, draining turbidity and resolving blood stasis, as well as retaining Chinese medicine enemas.