Having recently encountered several consecutive cases in my clinical work where cervical smears were normal and cervical cancer was found within a short period of time, I would like to go ahead and reiterate the significance of HPV testing. Cervical cytology is a method of screening for the presence of tumors by reading the cells collected from the cervix with the doctor’s eyes, usually by TCT, LCT and the traditional Pap smear. Methodologically, it is prone to false negatives, meaning that a cervical smear such as TCT or LCT may be normal, but there is actually a possibility of cervical precancer. This is because of the possibility of errors in the collection of cervical cells, the production of the film and the reading of the film by the doctor. It is now well established that the majority of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is divided into high-risk and low-risk types. HPV infection does not necessarily lead to disease, and the HPV vaccine can partially reduce the incidence of cervical cancer if given before the infection occurs, usually before the first sexual encounter. Transient infection with HPV is common in younger women, so HPV testing is not necessary for women under 30 years of age. For women over the age of 30, combined HPV and cytology may be considered for cervical cancer screening. If there is high-risk HPV infection after 30 years old, it means that there is a higher risk of cervical cancer than HPV-negative women, so screening by pap smear can be enhanced. The 2012 updated guidelines of the American Colposcopy Association suggest the value of HPV typing, i.e., if you are HPV positive and TCT negative, you can also perform HPV high-risk typing if you have the conditions. Testing for HPV high-risk typing, such as HPV type 16 or 18 positive, may also be recommended, as TCT is prone to underdiagnosis at this time, and colposcopy and biopsy may be considered directly for these infections. If the colposcopy biopsy is negative, it is to repeat the cervical smear after 1 year. As medicine is a discipline that keeps on progressing and updating, doctors should update their knowledge and knowledgeable women should also pay more attention to cervical cancer screening. For women after 30 years old, it is recommended to consider HPV and TCT screening at the same time if available (HPV screening is about 300 RMB and TCT 150 RMB).