Watch out for acromegaly

  Acromegaly is a disease in which the pituitary gland secretes too much growth hormone, causing hyperplasia of tissues, bones and internal organs and endocrine metabolic disorders. The onset of the disease is usually between the ages of 20 and 30 years, with the onset occurring between 30 and 50 years of age, and the onset is insidious, with no gender or racial differences. Only a very small number of patients have familial onset, showing familial polyendocrine adenopathy. Because the symptoms develop gradually, detection of acromegaly usually takes several years, secondary tumors do not form in other parts of the body in the early stages, and there is no other discomfort in the early stages of the disease, so many people do not think of it as a disease.  Most acromegaly is a disease that occurs after puberty, due to excessive secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland, after puberty the bone dice have closed and growth hormone cannot make the long bones grow again, the parts of the body with cartilage such as fingers (toes), jaws, orbits, nasal bones, etc. continue to grow, causing the patient to develop the typical signs of acromegaly. Most cases of acromegaly start slowly and have a long course. The earliest manifestations of acromegaly are mostly thick hands and feet, coarse appearance, headache and fatigue, back pain, etc. Patients often complain that their shoes, hats and gloves become smaller and must be replaced from time to time. When the development of symptoms is obvious, there is a typical appearance. As a result of soft tissue hyperplasia in the head and face, the scalp and face skin thicken and thicken, the forehead is more wrinkled, the lips thicken, the ears and nose grow, the tongue is large and thick, speech is often blurred, and the tone is lower. In addition to the head bone changes, there is facial growth, jaw enlargement, supraorbital ridge, forehead bone, zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch are enlarged, prominent, teeth are sparse, the appearance tends to ugly; later appear secondary diabetes, hypertension, visceral function decline, the patient back pain, muscle weakness and weakness, etc.. There can also be headache, vision loss, visual field loss and other localization symptoms. Female patients may have oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea.  At present, the treatment of acromegaly in China is mainly: i. Drug therapy: For those who cannot be completely cured by surgery or have only temporary efficacy, drug therapy is often required due to the slow action of radiation therapy. In patients with severe failure, drug therapy is the only method.  1.Bromocriptine: This drug has the effect of excitation of central dopamine receptors and can inhibit the secretion of growth hormone and lactogen. Start from small dose and gradually increase the dose to avoid side effects such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness. With bromocriptine, plasma growth hormone level decreases, soft tissues, especially face, hands and feet recede, headache and excessive sweating are reduced, glucose tolerance, hypertension and skin hyperlipidemia improve. Visual fields may improve in about half of the patients. Bone changes take 3 to 4 years. Bromocriptine can be combined with surgical treatment or radiation therapy.  2. Adjuvant treatment: When the growth hormone level returns to or near normal and the clinical condition is stable, plastic surgery of the face, especially the nose and eyelids, can be considered if necessary, and the mandible can be partially excised to restore the bite of teeth and improve the facial appearance.  Second, surgical treatment: surgical removal of the tumor can rapidly control and cure the disease. At present, the best surgery is from the back of the upper lip or nasal cavity through the pterygoid sinus from the midline into the pituitary fossa, microsurgery to remove the pituitary tumor. Visual field impairment is a clear indication for the original surgery, and surgery can effectively relieve the pressure of the tumor on the visual cross. If the tumor is small, with diameter <1.0cm, as long as the surgery is proper, most of them can completely remove the tumor and achieve good treatment effect; if the tumor is large, the cure rate is very low.  Third, radiation therapy: the total amount of treatment is 4500rad, which can make clinical symptoms improve, but the effect is slow.  Acromegaly is an insidious disease caused by pituitary growth hormone-secreting adenoma, which mainly manifests as enlargement of limb ends - especially the growth of face, hands, feet and internal organs. When the disease progresses to a certain level, complications such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and diabetes can occur, seriously threatening the patient's life, shortening life expectancy and affecting the quality of life, thus making the treatment of the disease important. Experts point out that the cure rate of pituitary microadenoma is significantly higher than that of macroadenoma. Early medical consultation and early diagnosis is the only way to seize the best time for treatment and avoid affecting the efficacy of treatment or even losing the opportunity for treatment due to oversized tumors or the occurrence of multi-organ dysfunction. Therefore, if patients find that their shoe size has indeed become much larger unknowingly; their voice also seems to have become thicker; and their appearance has changed a lot when they take out photos from years ago, they need to be alert to the occurrence of acromegaly at this time. Experts estimate that many patients with acromegaly are currently undiagnosed and untreated in China. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness of this disease, the symptoms of their own unaware, but also some people think that facial "ugly" is not a disease, until the emergence of serious complications, such as blindness, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes to seek medical attention, missing the time for early diagnosis and treatment.