The biggest risk of colectomy is the postoperative infection, especially the anastomotic fistula caused by the reconstruction of the digestive tract, which can even cause toxic shock and endanger the patient’s life in serious cases. Because the large intestine mainly contains feces, and feces contains a large number of bacteria, after resection of the large intestine, the intestinal tube is reanastomosed and an anastomotic fistula occurs, and the feces in the large intestine enters the abdominal cavity, which can lead to serious infection and even toxic shock that can endanger the patient’s life. At present, before the clinical colon surgery, the intestinal tract should be adequately prepared, and oral lactulose or polyethylene glycol electrolyte dispersion is needed to cleanse the feces in the colon, and oral antibiotics such as metronidazole and gentamicin can be taken, and the preoperative intestinal tract preparation takes about three days. In addition, after surgery must be closely observed, placed drainage tube, pay attention to the color, amount and nature of drainage tube, alert to the occurrence of anastomotic fistula, once the anastomotic fistula need to timely second surgery to clean the abdominal cavity and parallel proximal intestinal stoma, to avoid infectious shock.