The mode of inheritance of osteogenesis imperfecta is predominantly autosomal dominant, and individual cases can also show autosomal recessive inheritance. Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by collagen abnormalities or defects, mainly manifested in the disease of mesodermal tissues, which can cause bone, skin, sclera and dental lesions, and its main features are blue sclera, dental hypoplasia, generalized osteoporosis, and multiple fractures or bowlegs can occur. Patients usually come to the clinic with fractures caused by minor trauma, which can be recurrent. Laboratory tests show a marked increase in urinary hydroxyproline, and radiographs show elongated, curved long bones, thinning of the bone cortex, epiphyseal expansion, and significant osteoporosis. Treatment consisted of muscle strengthening to prevent fractures from occurring, and long-term protection with limb braces that were able to restore a high level of limb movement.