What is the cause of congestion and redness of the gums?

Gum is the red soft tissue around the teeth, also known as dental flower child, gum congestion and redness generally have the following two causes: 1, due to plaque biofilm composed of tartar long-term chronic stimulation: resulting in this condition is often a full mouth extensive gum bleeding, redness, and swelling, while in the clinic is very common, known as chronic periodontitis, the incidence of chronic periodontitis in the population close to 90%; 2, due to the stimulation of certain foreign objects: such as eating into the mouth of fish spikes or other sharp food, mechanical puncture of a gingival papilla to make it congestion, redness, swelling, known as gingival papillitis, this condition is often limited to a particular gingival papilla.