Migraine is a common clinical chronic neurovascular headache syndrome, the specific etiology and pathogenesis of which are still unclear and may be related to the following factors: endogenous factors: firstly, genetic factors, migraine has genetic susceptibility, about 60% of migraine patients have family history, and their relatives have 3-6 times higher risk of developing migraine than the general population. In addition, mutations in genes related to excitability of the nervous system are associated with common types of migraine, suggesting that migraine is associated with disorders of excitability of nerve cells in the brain. The disease is more common in females than in males, and it tends to develop in adolescence, with menstrual periods being prone to attacks, and the number of attacks decreasing or stopping after pregnancy or menopause, suggesting that endocrine and metabolic factors are involved in the development of migraine. External factors: Environmental factors are also involved in the onset of migraine. Migraine attacks can be triggered by certain foods or medications. Foods include tyramine-containing cheese, nitrite-containing meats and cured foods, phenylethylamine-containing chocolate, monosodium glutamate containing food additives, and wine; medications include oral contraceptives and vasodilators such as nitroglycerin. In addition, bright light, overwork, stress and post-stress relaxation, excessive or too little sleep, fasting, tension, and emotional instability are also triggering factors for migraine. In summary, the causes of migraine are complex and varied, involving the patient’s own factors and the surrounding environmental factors. Migraine patients should try to avoid appealing triggers in addition to regular medication to reduce headache attacks.