Myelodysplasia with primitive cell increase is also known as myelodysplastic syndrome, and its treatment includes general treatment, drug treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and so on. 1. General treatment: mainly supportive treatment, i.e. red blood cell transfusion for severe anemia and platelet transfusion for bleeding symptoms. 2. Drug therapy: commonly used drugs are immunomodulators such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, and immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine. Combination of chemotherapy drugs such as cytarabine and cyclophosphamide can also be tried. 3. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is the only method to cure myelodysplastic syndrome at present. In daily life, attention should be paid to environmental hygiene and prevention of infection, to prevent bumping. It is recommended to standardize the treatment under doctor’s guidance and regular follow-up. The above drugs should be used reasonably under the guidance of doctors, avoid self-medication.