Cardiac ultrasound normal values
Indicators
Measured values
Reference values
Indicator
Actual value
Reference value
Two-dimensional ultrasound measurements
Aortic internal diameter AO
<30mm
Pulmonary artery internal diameter PA
12-26mm
Ventricular septal thickness IVS
6-12mm
Left ventricular posterior wall thickness LVPW
6-12mm
Left ventricular internal diameter LV
45-50mm
Left atrial internal diameter LA
<30mm
Right internal chamber diameter RV
7-23mm
Right atrial internal diameter RA
33-41mm
Right ventricular outflow tract RVOT
<20mm
Doppler measurements
Mitral valve orifice flow velocity MV
0.3-0.9m/s
Aortic valve orifice flow velocity AV
1.0-1.7m/s
Tricuspid orifice flow velocity TV
0.3-0.7m/s
Pulmonary valve orifice flow velocity PV
0.6-0.9m/s
Left heart function measurements.
End-diastolic volume EDV
108±24ml
End-systolic volume ESV
45±16ml
End-diastolic internal diameter LVD
35-55mm
End-systolic internal diameter LVS
20-40mm
Ejection fraction EF
50-70%
Shortening fraction FS
30-45%
Left ventricular ejection fraction LVEF
55-80%
Left ventricular shortening fraction LVFS
Around 30%
E peak to A peak ratio E/A
>1
Output per beat SV
70-90ml
Other data
Mitral valve orifice area MVA
4-6cm2
Aortic valve orifice area AVA
2.5-3.5 cm2
Atrial defect size, flow rate
0,0 m/s
Pulmonary artery pressure PAP
15-28 mmHg
Ventricular defect size, flow rate
0, 0 m/s
Nakata index (PAI index)
>330 mm/m
Mcgoon index
>2.0
Calculation of the presence of ductus arteriosus, ectopic pulmonary venous drainage, permanent left superior cavity, how about ascending aorta, arch descending?
Nakata index (PAI index) = sum of right and left pulmonary artery cross-sectional area ÷ body surface area
Mcgoon index = sum of right and left pulmonary artery diameters ÷ aortic diameter at diaphragm level
Item name: Inner diameter (mm) Part name Thickness (mm)
Left atrial LA 〈35 Ventricular septum IVS <12
Left ventricular LV 〈55 Left ventricular posterior wall LVPW <12
Ascending aorta AO 〈35 Right ventricular wall <3-4
Main pulmonary artery PA 〈30 Left ventricular wall <9-12
Right atrium RA 〈40×35 Right ventricle <25
Left ventricular outflow tract 18-40 Right ventricular outflow tract 18-35
Part Grading Valve orifice area (cm2 )
Mitral stenosis Mildest: ≤2.5 Mild: 2.0-2.4
Mild to moderate: 1.5-1.9 Moderate: 1.0-1.4
Severe: 0.6-1.0 Most severe: <0.5
Aortic valve stenosis
Mild: 1.6-1.1 Differential pressure: 20-50 mmHg
Moderate: 1.0-0.75 Differential pressure: 20-50 mmHg
Severe: <0.75 Differential pressure: 50-150mmHg
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Normal: 15-30mmHg
Mild: 30-50 mmHg
Moderate: 50-70mmHg
Severe: >70mmHg
Left ventricular function (LVEF)
Normal: >50% Mild reduction: 40%-50%
Moderately reduced: 30%-40% Severely reduced: <30%
Left ventricular filling function
Left ventricular isovolumic diastolic time: (IVRT) <40 years 69±12ms >40 years 76±13ms
E wave deceleration time:(EDT) 199±32ms
A-peak E-peak flow rate ratio: E/A >1
Normal vascular values.
Arterial vascular: intimal thickening >1mm arteriosclerotic plaque >1.2mm
Blood flow velocity: >0. 50m/s
Stenosis classification.
Mild Inner diameter reduction 0-50% Peak systolic flow velocity <120cm/s
Moderate Inner diameter reduction 51-70% Systolic peak flow velocity >120m/s Diastolic flow velocity <40 cm/s
Severe stenosis 71-90% reduction in internal diameter Peak systolic flow velocity >170m/s Diastolic flow velocity >40 cm/s
Very severe stenosis 91-99% reduction in internal diameter Systolic peak flow velocity >200m/s Diastolic flow velocity >100 cm/s
Occlusion 100% reduction in internal diameter Thrombus echo is seen in the occluded segment, no flow signal in the lumen
Lower extremity deep venous valve insufficiency grading:
Grade I regurgitation time 1-2s Grade II regurgitation time 2-3s Grade III regurgitation time 4-6s
Grade IV regurgitation time >6s
Grade of pericardial effusion:
Small amount: 2-3mm, <50ml: atrioventricular sulcus, inferior posterior wall
Small amount: 3-5mm, 50-100ml: inferior posterior wall
Medium amount:5-10mm,100-300ml:atrioventricular sulcus, inferior posterior wall, apical region
Large volume:10-20mm ,300-1000ml of whole heart chamber
Very large volume:20-60mm,1000-40000ml: obvious oscillation