There are various reasons for an enlarged thyroid gland, and the specific treatment needed to eliminate the enlarged thyroid gland should be based on different causes, as follows: 1. If the enlarged thyroid gland is caused by hyperthyroidism, it should be treated according to the specific conditions of hyperthyroidism, such as the application of anti-thyroid medication, radioactive element therapy, or even surgery in severe cases. If you have hyperthyroidism, you should also be careful not to consume iodine when you eat. Therefore, it is important to find out the cause of the swelling of the thyroid gland.