Functional exercise should be mainly automatic, supplemented by passive activities, the movement should be coordinated, step by step, from small to large, from small to large, gradually increase.
A, standing position exercise method
1, hold the squatting method: single or two hands forward to hold the fixed object, the body upright, feet apart, shoulder width, slowly squatting and then stand up, repeatedly for 3 to 5 minutes (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Figure 2
2, the affected limb swing method: single or two hands forward or side God hold the fixed object. Stand on one foot with weight, the affected limb forward flexion, backward extension, adduction, and abduction swing for 3 to 5 minutes (Figure 2).
3, internal and external rotation method: hand-held fixation, single foot slightly forward and outward seclusion, foot following the ground, for internal and external rotation movement for 3 to 5 minutes (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5
Second, sitting exercise method
1, hip flexion method: the patient is sitting on the edge of the bed or chair, both lower limbs are naturally separated, the affected limbs repeatedly flex the hip and knee movement for 3 to 5 minutes (Figure 4).
2, knee hugging method: the patient is sitting on the edge of the bed, sofa, chair, both lower limbs are naturally separated, both hands forked fingers together palm hold the front of the proximal tibia, repeatedly flex the elbow and pull back with the active hip flexion movement, increase the hip flexion force and amplitude, activities for 3 to 5 minutes (Figure 5).
3.Open method: The patient sits on a chair or stool, with the hip, knee and ankle joints at an angle of 90 degrees each, with the feet together, taking the axis between the feet as the center, and make the knee abduction and adduction movements for 3 to 5 minutes, with abduction as the main focus (Figure 6).
4. Splitting the law: the patient sits on the edge of the bench, with the hip and knee ankle joints each at a 90-degree angle, rotating outward to the maximum with the toes and heels alternating as the axis, and then with the heels as the axis, performing inward and outward movements of both knees for 3 to 5 minutes (Figure 7).
Figure 6 Figure 7
5, pedal activity method: patients sit steadily on the special bicycle exercise equipment (functional exercise car), such as pedal bicycle driving, activities for 10 to 20 minutes, the speed gradually accelerated (Figure 8).
Third, prone exercise method
1.Pedal air flexion and extension method: the patient is in supine position, hands are placed on the side of the body, both lower limbs alternately flex the hip and knee, so that the lower leg is suspended in the air, like pedaling a bicycle for 5 to 10 minutes, mainly flexing the hip joint, the amplitude and number of times gradually increase (Figure 9).
Figure 8 Figure 9
2.Hold the knee method: the patient takes the supine position, the injured limb flexes the hip, flexes the knee, holds the front of the proximal tibia with forked fingers together, repeatedly flexes the elbow and pulls upward combined with active hip flexion movement, increases the force and amplitude of hip flexion, continues to move for 3 to 5 minutes, the number and amplitude gradually increases (Figure 10).
Figure 10 Figure 11
3.Hip flexion and splitting law: the patient is supine, the foot does not leave the bed, try to flex the knee and hip, and place both hands in front of the chest. Use both heels alternately as the axis, rotate and move outward to the maximum stability, then take both feet as the axis, and make both knees for abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation activities for 5 to 10 minutes with abduction as the main activity, and gradually increase the amplitude (Figure 11).
4, the affected limb swing method: take the supine position, both lower limbs straight, hands on the side of the body, the affected limb straight leg elevation or elevation to a certain limit, for inward and abduction activities for 5 to 10 minutes (Figure 7-12).
5, internal and external rotation method: the patient takes the supine position, both lower limbs are straight, both feet are shoulder-width apart, both hands are placed on the side of the body, the heels are taken as the axis, the toes and lower limbs are taken for internal and external rotation activities for 5 to 10 minutes, with the side with severe functional limitation as the main focus (Figure 13, 14).
Figure 12 Figure 13
6.Hip flexion and opening method: the patient is in supine position, flexing the hip and knee, stepping on the bed with both feet together, taking the lower part of both feet as the axis, and performing internal and external rotation and abduction of both knees for 5-10 minutes, mainly on the side with severe functional limitation, with the amplitude and frequency gradually increasing (Figure 15).
Figure 14 Figure 15
7, open law: the patient takes the prone position, both knees are shoulder-width apart, the lower limbs are straight, the hands are placed above the chest, and then the knees are flexed 90 degrees, the front of both knees are used as the axis, and the calves are inward and outward for 5 to 10 minutes, with the side with severe joint function as the main focus, and the amplitude and number of times are gradually increased (Figure 16).
Figure 16 Figure 17
8, posterior extension method: patient prone position, both lower limbs straight, hands on the side of the body, the affected limbs posterior extension activities for 5 to 10 minutes, the amplitude, the number of times gradually increased (Figure 17).