I. Prevention of myopia in children
1. Concept: In the unregulated state, parallel lines from outside 5 meters away enter the eye, and after refraction by the refractive system of the eye, form a focal point before the retina (i.e., its point is limited distance in front of the eye), and this kind of refractive error eye is called myopia.
2. Clinical manifestations.
(1) Decreased distance vision – blurred vision at a distance.
(2) myopic visual fatigue.
(3) exotropia – asymmetry of the two eyes, with one eye drifting outward.
(4) High myopia can have a series of complications.
3. Correction and treatment.
When the kindergarten or school physical examination found that the visual acuity is not up to standard, should promptly seek medical examination.
4. Steps.
(1) check the distance vision – check the subjective visual acuity.
(2) Compound tropicamide eye drops for dilated pupil optometry (check photometry if necessary) – screening for objective refractive error.
(3) If the first two tests are abnormal in children under 6 years of age, atropine sulfate eye ointment can be used to dilate the pupil and then re-test the prescription. Since the pupil dilating effect of atropine eye ointment lasts for about one month, school-age children are advised to apply the ointment during the summer and winter vacations to avoid interfering with their studies.
(4) Regular follow-up examinations, usually every six months, to avoid wearing inappropriate glasses.
5.Myopia prevention measures.
(1) Reasonable use of the eyes, adhere to every 30-60 minutes rest 10-15 minutes, limit computer time.
(2) read and write with proper posture, 30 cm distance between the eyes and the desk when reading, not lying down to read, not reading and writing in places with insufficient light.
(3) moderate lighting, non-reflective, recommended the use of 40W bulbs.
(4) Do not read and write in walking, jolting vehicles and boats, such as buses and subways.
(5) reasonable diet, pay attention to nutrition, limit the amount of sugar, do not picky food.
(6) strengthen outdoor activities, such as jumping rope, swimming, playing ball, etc.
(7) Regular vision examinations, optometry and eye care.
(8) Wear appropriate glasses in time for true myopia.
2. Prevention of hyperopia in children
1. Concept: In the unadjusted state, light rays are formed in an imaginary focal point after the refraction of the eye, which is called farsightedness. Hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism in children and adolescents can easily cause amblyopia and must be treated in time, otherwise, it is difficult to treat effectively above the age of 9.
2. Clinical manifestations.
(1) Changes in visual acuity, with a decrease in hyperopia in adolescents.
(2) Eye fatigue.
(3) Internal strabismus – “cross-eyed”.
(4) Pseudopapillaritis on funduscopic examination.
(5) Shortening of eye axis length.
3. Correction.
(1) Mild hyperopia with good vision and no symptoms does not require prescription lenses.
(2) Those with clinical symptoms that affect visual acuity should be treated with glasses. Those with hyperopia before the age of 9 are prone to amblyopia and should pay full attention to timely correction and treatment of amblyopia.
(3) Those with internal strabismus need full correction, and those with exotropia need partial correction.
4. Steps.
(1) Checking distance vision – checking subjective visual acuity.
(2) Compound tropicamide eye drops for pupil dilatation and optometry (if necessary, photometry) – screening objective refraction.
(3) If the first two tests are abnormal in children under 6 years of age, atropine sulfate eye ointment can be used to dilate the pupil and then re-test the prescription.
(4) Regular follow-up, usually once every six months, to avoid wearing inappropriate glasses.
(5) In case of combined amblyopia, follow the doctor’s prescription and follow up every month or every 3 months, and add amblyopia training if necessary.