Introduction：Most cancer patients suffer from weakness after illness, mainly due to malnutrition and lack of protein. Because the disease itself and the treatment method will be the appetite becomes worse, or produce some uncomfortable symptoms that affect eating. However, not all cancer patients have symptoms that interfere with eating, as each person’s response to cancer treatment varies individually. Understanding the causes of nutritional problems will help to solve the problem. Reasons for Nutritional Problems? Influence of tumor There are many ways in which the tumor itself affects the nutritional status, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Blockage of the digestive tract by tumors will affect the pathway of food, which will make the patient feel not, poor appetite; 2. Some tumors will produce certain substances, which will affect the taste nerve center of the brain and reduce the diet; 3. Tumors will also combine or retain certain related minerals, which will change the sense of taste and lead to loss of appetite; 4. The patient After knowing the diagnosis of cancer, the patient receives mental stimulation, which affects the appetite. Impact of treatment At present, comprehensive treatment is advocated. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have good curative effects on cancer, but they also cause different degrees of damages to normal tissues and organs of the human body, all of which will bring about different nutritional problems. 1. Impact of surgical treatment: Any surgery will have different impacts on the body, which may temporarily make the appetite worse. Take digestive tract surgery as an example, such as stomach surgery, there will be a feeling of fullness soon after eating; small intestine surgery will affect the absorption function and so on. The degree of impact varies from surgery to surgery; 2. Impact of chemotherapy: many chemotherapy drugs themselves will have an impact on the patient’s appetite, such as nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, anorexia and other adverse reactions caused by the use of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, chemotherapy-induced vomiting can also directly affect nutritional intake. In the process of chemotherapy, some normal cells of the digestive tract are damaged, and the anorexia symptoms caused by chemotherapy will lead to the patient’s anxiety, but since the cells have the function of recovery, the symptoms won’t last for a long time, and they will disappear after a few days; 3. The effect of radiotherapy: usually it only affects the localized part of the patient who receives the treatment, and if the treated part includes the digestive tract, the patient may have different levels of symptoms due to the different dosages he receives. Symptoms appear. When radiation therapy is stopped, the cells of the digestive tract have a chance to regenerate, and any discomfort caused by radiation therapy will disappear. For example, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting may occur after radiation therapy to the uterus and rectum. Types of diets for cancer patients Ordinary diets Ordinary diets are also known as normal diets (the same as normal people’s usual diets). Any cancer patient who has no fever, good chewing function, no difficulty in swallowing, no obstacle in digestive function, and does not need to restrict his/her diet in the course of treatment can go on a normal diet. Ordinary diet must be nutritionally balanced, easily digestible and non-stimulating food. The danishes pay attention to color, aroma, taste and shape diversification and deliciousness. For example, cancer patients in the recovery period need to supplement sufficient protein, calories and many kinds of vitamins, and should add animal protein-rich food such as beef, eggs, fish, milk, etc. on the basis of the diet; they can also add 2-3 times of snacks between the three meals such as cake, bread, milk, soybean milk, etc.; before going to bed, they can eat some cookies, sesame seed paste and other foods; patients can eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and can eat more sweets under the principle of not hindering the appetite. The patient can eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and can eat more sweets under the principle of not hindering the appetite. Oil fried food, strong seasoning, too spicy food should be limited. Soft diet Soft diet is a kind of soft, easy to chew and swallow, easier to digest than ordinary diet. It can be used by patients with low fever, indigestion, chewing difficulties, as well as elderly and young cancer patients. Soft diet cooking should be selected with less coarse and hard fiber content, easy to chew and digest after preparation, such as soft rice, steamed buns, buns, noodles and various kinds of porridge. Meat should be minced and vegetables should be chopped finely. Eggs can be fried, boiled and steamed. Attention should be paid to the use of fried and excessively greasy food, dry beans and spicy strong-smelling condiments, such as chili peppers, mustard, etc. Fruits should be peeled, bananas, oranges, apples, pears, etc. can be used. Semi-liquid diet Semi-liquid diet is a semi-liquid state, easy to chew and digest, less fiber content, nutrient-rich food. Cancer patients with fever, loss of appetite, difficulty in chewing or swallowing, and poor digestive function after first-degree surgery can be used. In addition, cancer patients can take semi-liquid diet three days before gastrointestinal surgery. It is advisable to have a small amount of meals when conducting semi-liquid diet, and you can eat 5-6 times a day, aiming at reducing the burden of the patient’s digestive organs and adapting to the patient’s tolerance ability. Foods that can be used include congee, noodles, steamed eggs, tofu brain, chopped vegetables, minced meat, shredded chicken, shrimp, etc. Less residue semi-liquid diet Less residue semi-liquid diet is a special semi-liquid diet, which is suitable for cancer patients after gastrointestinal surgery. When cooperating with it, it is required to restrict the fiber content of drinking food more strictly, and no other fruits and vegetables are used except filtered vegetable soup and fruit juice. Foods that may be used include fine porridges, fine noodles, chicken puree, lean meat puree, fish, tofu brains, milk and shrimp puree. The vitamins contained in this diet may not meet the patient’s needs and oral vitamin preparations are required. Fluid diet Fluid diet is liquid food. It can only be used for a short period of time because it does not contain enough calories and nutrients. If applied for a longer period of time, the protein, calories, vitamins and inorganic salts in the diet should be increased. It is suitable for cancer patients with high fever, after various major surgeries, inability to chew food, narrowed esophagus, and difficulty in swallowing. Foods used include rice soup, soy milk, milk, diluted lotus root powder, fruit juice, vegetable juice, meat juice and so on. Clear Fluid Diet Clear Fluid Diet is a more restrictive fluid diet. The diet does not contain gas-producing foods (e.g., milk, soy milk, sugar, etc.) and is lighter than a regular liquid diet. Certain patients with frontal cancers after abdominal intestinal surgery may be placed on a clear liquid diet before transitioning from intravenous nutrition to a liquid diet. Commonly used foods include rice soup and thin lotus root powder.