There are numerous anti-tuberculosis drugs used in clinical practice, and the first-line drugs mainly include isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, as follows: i. The side effects of isoniazid are mainly peripheral neuritis, liver function impairment, and occasionally can lead to seizures. The side effects of rifampicin are mainly digestive symptoms, which can include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. ii. Third, the side effects of streptomycin include tinnitus, deafness, vertigo, renal impairment, and allergic reactions. IV. Ethambutol has fewer side effects and can occasionally cause optic neuritis. V. Pyrazinamide can cause damage to liver function and can lead to an increase in blood uric acid, which can induce gout. These drugs need to be used with regular follow-up of liver function and need to be reviewed promptly if adverse reactions occur.