Winter is not only a good season for inhalation diseases, but also an easy season for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to the increase in vascular contraction caused by lower temperatures, the decrease in cardiac function due to the decrease in outdoor activities, and the increase in cardiac burden caused by the big difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures. So, how can we protect the blood vessels in this special season, away from the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases “sneak attack”? 1.Control the “three highs” to reduce the damage to blood vessels If there are high blood pressure, high blood lipids, high blood sugar “three highs” symptoms, we must take measures to control blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar. High blood pressure will cause damage to the blood vessel wall, excessive lipid content in the blood, abnormal sugar metabolism products will also be deposited in the blood vessel wall, especially in the existing damage to the blood vessel wall, the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. “Three high” symptoms as long as adherence to drug therapy, while adopting a healthy lifestyle, generally can be better controlled, but the most taboo symptoms aggravated on the medication, the situation slightly improved on the discontinuation of medication. That way, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood sugar often fluctuations, atherosclerotic plaque on the wall of the blood vessel is still increasing or increasing, short-term may be safe, but for sudden cardiovascular and cerebral vascular disease buried a great hidden danger. Warm reminder: control the “three highs”, the most taboo one day exposure to ten days of cold, should be persistent. 2, cold and warm to avoid vasospasm Cold stimuli easily make the body sympathetic nerve excitation, prompting increased blood pressure, heart rate continues to accelerate, thereby increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. Cold weather will also cause spasm of small blood vessels on the surface of the body, slowing blood flow, blood viscosity increases, easily induced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. In the winter season, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, and you need to pay attention to keep warm to avoid the cold. Warm reminder: the temperature difference between morning and evening in winter is large, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is best not to exercise early in the morning, so as not to induce acute events of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. 3, vascular gymnastics for the heart and brain Cold water bath is to use 5 to 20 ℃ between the cold water bath, this cold stimulation can stimulate the body’s stress response. The human skin is stimulated by cold water, skin blood vessels contract sharply, a large amount of blood is drawn into the internal organs and deep tissues, so that the internal organs of the important organs of the blood vessel expansion; body in order to resist the cold, the skin blood vessels will soon be expanded again, and thus a large amount of blood flow from the internal organs to the body surface. Such a relaxation of the vascular movement, so that the blood vessels to get exercise, enhance the elasticity of the blood vessels, image called “vascular gymnastics”. According to research estimates, this cycle of “vascular gymnastics” makes its blood flow 10 times more than usual. The body often “vascular gymnastics”, can effectively expand the caliber of blood vessels, so that the arterial wall of the elastic fiber increase, thus enhancing its elasticity and toughness; and reduce the cholesterol in the blood vessel wall deposition, to prevent and delay the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Warm reminder: people who have not gone through the cold acclimatization exercise do not venture into winter swimming or cold water bath, otherwise the body is suddenly stimulated by the cold, it is easy to suffer from cold, pneumonia, gastrointestinal ulcers, frostbite, heart disease and so on. 4, high potassium low sodium diet care blood vessels As we all know, daily diet and cardiovascular health is closely related. Eating too salty, water and sodium retention, which in turn increases the burden on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, to protect blood vessels, dietary regulation should not be ignored. Nutrition experts recommend that the daily intake of salt per person does not exceed 6 grams. But in fact, most people do not have the means to do, in the heavy taste, eat more salt in the region, especially already have high blood pressure patients, we recommend high potassium diet. Because the role of potassium is mainly when the body after intake, can promote the discharge of sodium, in addition, through potassium can soften blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure. Therefore, we need to try to consume potassium in our daily diet. Most foods contain potassium, but vegetables and fruits are the best source. Brightly colored fruits, such as bananas, oranges, tangerines, persimmons, etc., are rich in potassium, and dark green vegetables are also rich in potassium, such as broccoli, spinach, celery, amaranth and so on. Warm reminder: not all people are suitable for high potassium diet, impaired renal function, uremia patients should be contraindicated, are using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or Antibiotics patients should not supplement too much potassium. 5.Reasonable use of drugs, enhance the resistance of blood vessels With the continuous development of medical research, people’s understanding of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is also improving. The occurrence and development of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are closely related to blood vessel damage and atherosclerosis, and how to protect blood vessels and prevent further aggravation of atherosclerosis has become the core issue of cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly patients may wish to use some vascular protection drugs under the guidance of the doctor, as a way to protect the vascular endothelium, prevent the progress of atherosclerosis, stabilize the vascular plaque, and then effectively reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk events. Warm reminder: medication should not be too much, too mixed, too chaotic, it is best to use reasonably under the guidance of a doctor.