The recurrence rate of kidney, ureteral and bladder stones is high. After surgical treatment, attention should be paid to dietary modification to prevent stone recurrence and long-term follow-up review should be performed.
Firstly, regular review of urinary ultrasound or X-ray is recommended once every 3-6 months; secondly, some special laboratory tests including blood, urine biochemistry, kidney function, stone analysis, etc. should be performed to find out the risk factors for stone recurrence.
1.Risk factors for stone recurrence: including age, gender, urine output, smoking habit, drinking habit, stone site and number, whether combined with gout, family history, etc.
2. Preventive measures In order to avoid recurrence of stones or to prevent recurrence of stones, the following measures should be taken: (1) Drink more than 2000~2500ml of water daily to ensure that the urine volume is above 2000ml, especially pay attention to drinking a glass of water before bedtime; (2) Eat citrus fruits in moderation to increase the content of potassium citrate in urine to prevent calcium oxalate stones.
(3) Eat less than 2g of salt per day; (4) Unless the patient has clear hypercalciuria, generally patients do not need to avoid calcium-containing foods such as milk and tofu; (5) Adjust the diet structure according to different stone components Calcium-containing stones (mainly calcium oxalate stones): 1. Avoid: spinach, beets, parsley, peanuts. Limit animal protein to less than 150g per day, vitamin C to less than 1g, and drink less black tea, grape juice, apple juice, Coca Cola and other beverages.
2, appropriate food: carrots and other foods rich in vitamin A, increase coarse grains and fiber diet.
Uric acid stones: 1, avoid eating: animal offal, sardines with skin, anchovies, etc. and alcohol. Meat, fish food not more than 100 grams per day, eat less mushrooms, cauliflower.
2.Desirable food: vegetables, milk, fresh fruits (except plums, prunes, raisins) and other alkaline foods to alkalize the urine.
Infectious stones: 1. Avoid: pumpkin seeds, coffee, strong tea 2. Appropriate: vinegar, raisins, plums, plums and other acidic foods to acidify urine and control urinary tract infection.