Bladder stones are the more common urinary stones and are more common in men, mostly in the elderly. The composition of bladder stones is divided into crystals and matrix, where crystals are the main component of stones, and depending on the crystals they can be classified as calcium-containing stones, infected stones, uric acid stones and cystine stones. The formation of bladder stones is associated with the following factors.
Malnutrition: Mostly seen in children in poor areas, due to lack of nutrition and insufficient intake of animal protein can easily cause bladder stone formation.
Urinary tract obstruction: Some diseases that cause urinary tract obstruction, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder neck obstruction, bladder bulge, urethral stricture, etc., can cause small stones or urine salt crystals to be deposited in the bladder, which can form bladder stones over time; in addition, there are difficulties with urinary tract obstruction causing urine discharge, and a large amount of urine stored in the bladder triggers urinary tract infection, with bacterial mass and necrotic tissue as the core easily causing urinary tract crystals The deposition of crystals in the bladder can lead to the formation of bladder stones.
Foreign bodies in the bladder: Foreign bodies in the bladder can be divided into medical and non-medical foreign bodies, the former include ureteral stent tubes, contraceptive rings, etc., and the latter include stones and worm eggs, etc. These foreign bodies can form the core of stone formation in the bladder, promoting the deposition of urinary salt crystals and the formation of stones.
Urinary tract infections: Some bacterial infections of the bladder can form stones because they can break down urea to produce ammonia, which alkalizes the urine and helps promote the precipitation of calcium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and magnesium salts. These stones are usually of infectious origin.
In addition, abnormalities in the body’s metabolism can also cause bladder stone formation. Examples include cystinuria, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria, and hyperparathyroidism.