95% of bowel cancers evolve from polyps It is generally believed that 95% of colorectal cancers evolve from colorectal polyps (adenomatous) step by step, and this process usually takes 5-10 years, but individual differences vary. Although adenomas are highly cancerous, not all polyps are cancerous, so there is no need to be overly nervous when polyps are detected. Because there are usually no clinical symptoms, only a small percentage of patients with intestinal polyps have abnormalities such as blood in stool, mucus stool and abdominal pain, and these symptoms often lack specificity, so to confirm the diagnosis of intestinal polyps, we have to rely on colonoscopy. A colon polyp is actually a bulging lesion on the surface of the intestinal mucosa, commonly referred to as a lump of flesh growing in the intestinal canal. The colon is the preferred site for polyps, which rarely cause symptoms, bleeding and obstruction, and therefore are often not easily detected, mostly during physical examinations or examinations for other diseases. 1970s, due to advances in endoscopy, X-ray, ultrasound and other examination techniques, the detection rate of gastrointestinal polyps has greatly improved. Ms. Li, 38 years old, a white-collar worker in a company, lives in Zhengzhou City. Six years ago, she developed blood in the stool and started to be very nervous, worrying that she had rectal cancer. After going to the hospital for colonoscopy, it was found to be sigmoid colon polyps with two pieces. After the biopsy, it was found to be a benign adenomatous polyp. At that time, the doctor advised to review the colonoscopy regularly. Ms. Zhang did not experience blood in the stool after the surgery, so she forgot about the doctor’s instructions. Six years later, she had blood in her stool again and went to the hospital for examination, but it turned out that the polyp had recurred and become cancerous, fortunately it was still early cancer. From Ms. Li’s case, it reflects that many patients now have a fluke or avoidance mentality: they do not pay enough attention, fear or refuse to undergo colonoscopy, and do not pay attention to review after polypectomy, so that colon cancer that can be prevented is not prevented. Symptoms of colorectal polyps 1, typical symptoms: intermittent blood in stool or blood on the surface of the stool, mostly bright red, causing heavy bleeding is not uncommon; secondary inflammatory infection can be accompanied by a large amount of mucus or mucus blood stool, there may be urgency, constipation or increased stool, long-tipped or near the anal location of the polyp can be prolapsed out of the anus. 2, other symptoms: a few patients may have abdominal stuffiness and discomfort, hidden pain symptoms. 3.Diagnosis ① History of blood in stool or mucopurulent stool. ② Polyps found by anal examination or colonoscopy. ③ Barium enema can show more or less filling defect. ④ Pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis. The former is caused by proliferative inflammation of the intestine and is almost not malignant; adenomatous polyps have a higher chance of malignancy than inflammatory polyps, and adenomas are recognized as precancerous lesions. Adenomas are classified as tubular adenomas, villous adenomas, and mixed adenomas, with the highest cancer rate in villous adenomas and the lowest rate in tubular adenomas. Adenomatous polyps may be related to genetics, chronic inflammatory irritation, lifestyle habits, chronic constipation and other factors. Adenomatous polyps do not go away on their own and are difficult to be eliminated by medication. If left untreated, they can grow slowly and have a higher chance of developing cancer. Inflammatory polyps are relatively safe, sometimes very small inflammatory polyps will disappear on their own, but inflammatory polyps are stimulated by inflammation for a long time, there is also the possibility of adenoma development. In general, polyps found by colonoscopy should be removed endoscopically, which is less invasive and has a shorter hospital stay, and cuts off the path of polyps becoming cancerous. In conclusion, the current view is that once polyps are found, it is recommended to remove them immediately and have them analyzed pathologically; thereafter, they should be reviewed regularly according to medical advice. Polyps can recur and should be reviewed after removal Even if the polyps are removed and the environment is not changed, there is a possibility of recurrence, Ms. Li is an example, so even after removal, it is important to review regularly. Also, patients who have a history of colon polyps or family history should be reviewed. If a single polyp is removed and the pathology proves to be benign, at first, only one colonoscopy is needed every year, and no recurrence in 2-3 consecutive years of examination means that this person has a small probability of polyp recurrence, and after that, it can be changed to once every 5-10 years. The best prevention is to have a regular colonoscopy Colon polyp is an endoscopic diagnosis. There are many kinds of polyps, including inflammatory, hyperplastic, misshapen, adenoma, cancer, etc., which need further pathological examination to be clear. Nowadays, it is believed that more than 95% of colorectal cancers are adenomas in colorectal polyps, therefore, colorectal adenomas should be treated as early as possible. However, not all adenomas are cancerous, so there is no need to be blindly nervous. The most common endoscopic treatment for polyps is electrodesis, which is routinely performed in most large hospitals and is generally very safe. However, the difficulty of the operation varies and so do the risks depending on the polyp site, size, morphology, pathology type, etc. After the polyps are removed, they should be sent for pathological examination to further clarify the nature of the polyps and whether they are completely removed. At present, the effective way is to review the colonoscopy regularly and remove the polyps in time once they are found. The specific time of review varies from person to person and requires the doctor’s comprehensive judgment according to each person’s situation.