It is sometimes difficult for some radiotherapy patients to obtain sufficient dietary nutrition, and following the following dietary principles before and after treatment can help you prevent or improve malnutrition: 1. Radiotherapy patients should first pay attention to a balanced diet, and increase the intake of protein and vitamin-rich foods, such as eggs, sour milk, lean meat, tofu and fresh fruits and vegetables (spinach, asparagus, tomatoes, radishes, kiwi, oranges, etc.) in moderation while ensuring the amount of staple foods. kiwi, oranges, etc.). 2. Eat some food one hour before treatment to ensure that you do not receive treatment on an empty stomach. It is better to eat small meals than to eat only three regular meals. Always have some additional small foods on hand, such as bread, cookies, cakes, lotus root powder, yogurt, fruit, juice, nuts, etc. 3.Eat more when your appetite is good. 4, remember to drink more water, 8 to 10 glasses of water a day (250ml / cup) is conducive to the elimination of toxins in the body. Drink 1 cup about 2 hours, preferably between meals or 30 minutes before meals, and try not to drink or drink less during meals. 5.Prepare in advance before treatment, ask friends or family members to help purchase food or prepare meals, and ask the doctor or nurse in charge to understand the treatment plan and side effects and other related information to reduce unnecessary worries. 6.Not everyone has the same side effects of treatment, some people may have severe side effects and some people may have mild side effects. If side effects occur, communicate with your doctor or nurse in charge to get the necessary help. 7.Nutritional supplements are useful for patients who don’t eat enough normally. You can consult with your supervising doctor or dietitian, who will give you some good advice. 8.If you have some gastrointestinal reactions, such as poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain or dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing. Taste changes, you can ask the doctor in charge to prescribe you some medications to control your symptoms and refer to the following suggestions for dietary modification. 9.If you have other chronic diseases such as diabetes or gout, you can talk to your supervising doctor or ask a nutritionist, you may need to make some adjustments in your diet. Dietary modifications for common digestive symptoms in radiotherapy patients 1. Swallowing difficulties Cancer and anti-cancer treatment can sometimes cause swallowing difficulties, such as in patients undergoing radiotherapy for esophageal cancer or oral cancer. If you have problems with swallowing, try to eat a liquid or semi-liquid diet. It may be easier to swallow thick, burnt fluids than thin fluids, and you may need to eat high-calorie-high-protein fluids, such as enteral nutrition preparations or homemade homogenized meals, if regular meals do not ensure adequate nutritional intake. The dietary principles for patients with dysphagia are as follows: Drink 6-8 glasses of water daily and try to thicken the liquid to make it easy to swallow. If you choke while eating, notify your doctor immediately, especially if you have fever symptoms. 2, eat less and more meals If ordinary food does not guarantee nutrition, you can make a homogenized meal for each meal in a blender to drink, or take oral supplemental enteral nutrition preparations Products to thicken food: 1, gel: can be used to make cakes, cookies, jelly sandwiches or other cold food 2, tapioca starch, flour, corn starch: used to adjust the consistency of the liquid 3, vegetable puree and instant potatoes: used in soup can change the taste of food 4, baby rice flour, corn starch: used to adjust the consistency of the liquid 4.Infant rice flour: can be made into very thick rice burnt What do patients with dysphagia eat? 1.Foods with high protein: milk soup, meatballs, casserole stew, egg custard 2.Cereals and cereals: rotten noodles, lump soup, rice burnt, lotus root powder 3.Fruits and vegetables: vegetable puree, fruit puree, mashed potatoes 4.Beverages and desserts: honey, milk shakes, cakes, sweet snacks 5.Other: homemade or industrial homogenized meals, enteral Nutritional preparations Homemade homogenized meals for patients with dysphagia: Ingredients: 4 taels of rice with 1.5 liters of water to make a thick porridge, 1 hard-boiled egg, peeled, 2 taels of northern tofu, boiled in boiling water for 2 minutes, 6 taels of leafy greens blanched in boiling water for 1 minute (optional spinach, rape leaves, cabbage, carrots, peeled), 25 grams of vegetable oil (optional camellia oil, olive oil, walnut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil), 4 grams of salt, 20 grams of protein powder (about 2 tablespoons). Ingredients: Put all the above ingredients into a blender and mix at high speed to make a homogenized meal, divide into 6 portions throughout the day and take orally, put the incomplete ones into the refrigerator and freeze overnight. Nutritional composition: 200 kcal and 10 g of protein per serving. In addition, drink 300ml of low-fat milk and 200ml of fruit juice, then the total calories for the whole day will be 1500 kcal and 70g of protein. Nutrition for patients with sore mouth or throat Some tumor patients may have sore throat or mouth problems, usually caused by some medicines and radiotherapy or combined chemotherapy in the head, neck and esophagus area. In this case, patients are more likely to tolerate eating fine, soft and mild foods. Conversely, coarse, hard, dry, acidic, overly salty, harsh and alcoholic beverages can make things worse. Regular gargling with soda (1 teaspoon of baking soda and 1 teaspoon of salt dissolved in 1 liter of water to make a solution) can help prevent infection and relieve pain. Dietary principles for patients with sore throat 1. Avoid acidic, overly salty or salt-cured foods and drinks, such as orange juice, vinegar, tomatoes, kimchi and soy tofu. 2, avoid too cold, too hot, coarse and hard, sour and spicy, stimulating and salty food, eat fine and soft, melt in the mouth food. 3, can use liquid or semi-liquid food, such as rice porridge, rotten noodles, noodles, soft bread, meatballs, milk, egg custard, meat stew, non-acid fruits and vegetables (such as papaya, pear juice, peaches, watermelon, pumpkin), etc. 4, buns, bread and other dry food can be soaked in soup to drink, but also the food can be made into a homogenized food with a blender to drink, but also can choose commercial industrial homogenized meal (a variety of food into powder, with warm water into a liquid after drinking) and enteral nutrition preparations (formula of whole nutrients, with warm water into a milk drink). 5, choose slightly warm or cold food has a certain soothing effect, very hot food will cause discomfort. You can also try jelly, popsicles. 6, stay away from alcohol, coffee and tobacco and avoid mouthwash containing alcohol What to eat for sore throat? Food types suitable food not suitable food 1.High protein food Fine soft and mild food, such as stewed meat, boiled tender meatballs and tender tofu, egg custard, milk, soy milk, commercialized nutritional supplements baked meat, fried meatballs, fried eggs, nuts 2.Grain and cereal food Rice porridge, rotten noodles, noodle flakes, lump soup, mashed potatoes hard rice, fritters, burritos, pancakes, cookies, corn Fruits and vegetables soft not sour Vegetables and fruits such as mashed carrot and potatoes, steamed pumpkin, winter melon and mushroom soup, peaches, watermelon, papaya milkshake, celery and cucumber juice lemon, citrus, hawthorn and other sour fruits and raw vegetables Beverages, desserts and other foods non-sour juices such as pear juice, peach juice, watermelon juice, papaya juice, honey, light tea water; cakes, jellies, ice cream orange juice, tomato juice, caffeinated drinks, alcohol, chocolate, vinegar Pepper, chili, pepper, curry, nutmeg, potato chips, popcorn Dietary principles for patients with oral pain 1. Eat soft, less stimulating foods such as vegetable soup, milk, soy milk, egg custard, rotten noodles, rice burnt. Or beat the food into a homogeneous paste with a blender to make it easier to swallow. 2. Eating slightly warm or cold food is easier to tolerate and reduces food irritation. Tilt your head to help the food flow to the back of your throat to facilitate swallowing. 3.Eating with a straw can bypass the painful parts of the mouth 4.Avoid irritating seasonings such as pepper, paprika, nutmeg, etc. and rough, dry and hard foods. 5.Eating high-protein, high-calorie food helps wound healing 6.Avoid alcohol, carbonated drinks and tobacco 7.Regularly gargling with soda (1 teaspoon of baking soda plus 1 teaspoon of salt dissolved in 1 liter of water) helps keep the mouth clean and feeling comfortable. What to eat for mouth pain? Types of food Suitable food Not suitable food High protein food Ribs, pureed meatballs, fish, casserole stew, egg custard, milk, commercialized nutritional supplements Large lean meat, steak, lamb kebabs Cereal food Steamed buns dipped in soup, rice porridge, noodles cookies, burritos, fried fries, toasted bread Fruits and vegetables Chop vegetables to make soft, very soft and juicy such as red banana apple, watermelon, banana, or use fruits and vegetables in Fruit and vegetables can be pureed in a blender, juiced in a juicer, coarse and hard fruits and vegetables, sour fruits such as oranges, pineapples, hawthorn Beverages, desserts and other foods honey, ice cream, jelly, olive oil, milk-soaked cookies and cakes carbonated beverages, cookies, potato chips, vinegar, pepper, nutmeg poor appetite The tumor itself and anti-cancer treatment can cause changes in eating habits and appetite, and eating less can lead to weight loss Patients with poor appetite can use the following dietary recommendations: Eat small, frequent meals, 1-2 hours apart. Drink water half an hour before or between meals, and drink as little water as possible with meals (unless needed to help swallow or to treat dry mouth) to avoid early satiety. Make meals more enjoyable by using nice cutlery, playing your favorite music, watching TV, visiting friends, etc. Move as much as you can, starting with less intensity and gradually increasing the amount of activity as you feel stronger. Moderate exercise can help you improve your appetite and sleep. Keep plenty of high-protein, high-calorie foods on hand. Such as bread, cakes, cookies, pretzels and tea eggs, yogurt, milk, cheese, canned meats, nuts, peanut butter, fruit, nutritional supplements, etc. You can eat whenever you want, as long as you like, for example, you can eat breakfast foods at lunchtime. Choose appetizing and digestive foods, such as hawthorn, white radish, yam, knife beans, yogurt, etc. If you have symptoms such as thick tongue and bloating after eating you can also take over-the-counter supplements such as B vitamins and digestive enzymes. You can ask your supervising physician to prescribe medications to relieve symptoms such as anorexia, constipation, nausea and pain.