There are various causes of colitis, and appropriate therapeutic drugs should be selected based on the specific cause. For acute colitis where pathogenic bacteria can be found, such as bacterial infections, antibiotics should be used; for parasitic infections, antiparasitic drugs should be used. In contrast, most viral infections are self-limiting and do not require the application of antibiotics. Gradual recovery can be achieved through antidiarrhea, adjustment of intestinal flora, and intestinal rest. For acute infections, with the possibility of dehydration and infection poisoning, it is necessary to visit a hospital and treat under the guidance of a doctor to avoid serious complications such as organ failure or migration to chronic colitis. For chronic colitis, clarifying the cause is also the key to treatment. Mild colitis related to intestinal dysbiosis may be relieved by dietary adjustments and probiotic medications that adjust the intestinal microecology. Colitis related to allergies, food intolerances require identification of allergens and careful screening of the associated intolerant foods. For specific diseases such as ulcerative colitis, targeted long-term medication is required under the specific guidance of a physician. Surgery may also be required if conservative treatment is ineffective or if the condition worsens or serious complications arise. In conclusion, the treatment of colitis requires specific analysis of the patient’s condition and targeted, individualized, comprehensive treatment.