Femoral osteonecrosis is a common orthopedic disease, and femoral osteonecrosis can cause great harm to people’s body. It is helpful to know the causes of femoral osteonecrosis for the treatment of the disease. What are the causes of osteonecrosis of the femoral head? How to prevent the occurrence of this disease? The following is a detailed introduction for everyone. First, femoral head necrosis: is the interruption or damage of the blood supply to the femoral head, causing the death of bone cells and bone marrow components and subsequent repair, which then leads to structural changes in the femoral head, femoral head collapse, joint dysfunction disease. The main symptoms are claudication, difficulty in walking, weakness of lower limbs, back pain, etc. Prolonged use of hormones, trauma, and heavy alcohol consumption can trigger femoral head necrosis. The femoral head is in the part of the crotch that the people talk about, which is the crotch and elbow, also called the hip joint, the hip joint is composed of the femoral head and the acetabulum, so this part is the largest joint in the body, but also the largest weight-bearing joint in the body. Second, the causes of femoral head necrosis: 1, alcohol In a variety of possible causes of femoral head necrosis, chronic alcoholism is an important factor. The accumulation of alcohol in the body due to long-term heavy drinking leads to increased blood lipids and damage to liver function. The elevation of blood lipids causes an increase in blood viscosity and slows down blood flow, resulting in changes in blood coagulation and thus can cause blood vessel blockage, bleeding or fat embolism, resulting in osteonecrosis. Clinical manifestations are aggravation after drinking, walking duck walk, heart failure, weakness, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, etc. 2, the use of hormones such as bronchitis, asthma, rheumatism, rheumatoid, neck, shoulder, back and leg pain, lying urinary disease, skin disorders, and long-term use of hormone drugs. Long-term use of large amounts of hormones or excessive daily amount, dose increase or decrease mutation is also one of the reasons for the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Hormonal femoral head necrosis bilateral simultaneous onset is common, and more than half of all patients first one side onset, after several months or years, the other just onset. Clinical manifestations are hip pain, swelling, dizziness, chest tightness, lower limb function limitation, etc. 3, trauma such as external impact caused by femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation, hip joint sprain and contusion. Trauma is the main factor causing femoral head necrosis. As a result of various trauma leading to the rupture tube and distortion or compression of the blood vessels in the bone or femoral head can cause femoral head necrosis. Clinical manifestations are trace fracture, head is semi-dislocation, lower limb muscle atrophy, claudication, weight-bearing pain aggravation, etc. 4, wind, cold, wet clinical manifestations of hip pain, cold and wet for the worse, squatting difficulties. 5, liver and kidney deficiency manifesting as general wasting, yellow face, impotence, premature ejaculation, excessive dreaming, seminal emission, weakness, etc. 6, osteoporosis Clinical manifestations are weakness of the lower limbs, pain, inability to bear weight, and easy to fracture. 7, flat hip Clinical manifestations are walking duck step, short lower limbs, muscle atrophy, about 50 meters of pain gradually aggravated, functional limitations, etc. 8, abnormal bone marrow hyperplasia manifested as the affected limb cold, aching, can not bear weight, easy to fracture, bone obvious atrophy, etc. 9, bone tuberculosis combined with osteonecrosis manifested as positive nodule test, low fever in the afternoon, pain with a fixed location, wasting, night sweats, weakness, etc. 10, post-surgical osteonecrosis in the clinical bone graft, vascular graft three years later, osteonecrosis occurs due to insufficient blood supply to the bone. In addition, there are pneumatic, radiological, hematological, vascular diseases, congenital osteonecrosis of the femoral head, etc. Third, the classification of femoral head necrosis: 1, the bone all necrosis. Less common, refers to the head of the femur from the edge of the joint all necrosis. Head under the type of femoral tibial fracture, often can cause total head necrosis. 2, the head of the femur cone (wedge) necrosis. Most common. The normal femoral head is divided into the central weight-bearing area and the internal and external pressure-free areas. Head center cone necrosis that is the weight-bearing zone osteonecrosis. 3.Hemilunar necrosis of the top of the femoral head. The incidence is very high, osteonecrosis occurs in the front and top of the femoral head, the dead bone is in the shape of half-moon, the hip joint frog external booth X-ray photo shows the most clear. 4, focal osteonecrosis of the femoral head. It is the mildest. This type generally does not occur in the femoral head collapse. Fourth, the main symptoms of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: 1, pain. Pain can be intermittent or persistent, increased after walking activities, sometimes for rest pain. Pain is mostly pins and needles, dull pain or soreness and discomfort, often radiating to the groin area, inner thigh, posterior hip and medial knee, with numbness in the area. 2.Joint stiffness and activity limitation. The affected hip joint flexes and extends unfavorably, has difficulty squatting, cannot stand for a long time, and walks with a duck walk. The early symptoms are limited abduction and external rotation activities. 3.Crippling. Progressive shortening limp, due to hip pain and femoral head collapse, or late onset of hip subluxation. Intermittent claudication often appears in the early stage, and is more obvious in children. 4. Physical signs. Local deep pressure pain, pressure pain at the stop of the adductor muscle, limited abduction, external rotation or internal rotation, shortening of the affected limb, muscle atrophy, and even signs of subluxation. Sometimes the axial impulse pain is positive. 5.X-ray performance. Bone texture is thin or interrupted, and the femoral head is cystic, sclerotic, flattened or collapsed. Preventive methods of femoral head necrosis: 1. Reduce the weight bearing of the bone and joint. Prevent overweight, control the diet appropriately, and avoid overloading. Reasonable exercise, best when crutches. Adhere to outdoor sports. Prohibit smoking and alcohol. 2, avoid the abuse of hormone drugs. Hormones are a very common factor causing this disease, so people should not use drugs indiscriminately when treating some diseases, must be under the guidance of a doctor, take drugs. 3.Prevent trauma to the hip. Because the neck of the femur fracture, dislocation of the joint, etc. in the improper handling of this disease can lead to the occurrence of this disease. Therefore, to prevent this disease, we must pay attention to avoid the occurrence of fracture dislocation, if found fracture dislocation to immediately go to the hospital for treatment, can not blindly carry out brutal reset, resulting in the occurrence of this disease. 4, the prevention of high-risk diseases. For people with congenital dysplasia of the hip joint, osteoporosis, leukemia, Cushing’s disease, lupus erythematosus, diabetes and other diseases, it is more important to actively prevent this disease. For patients with osteoporosis, the diet should be rich in calcium, appropriate exercise, more sunshine, vitamin D supplementation, etc. Femoral head necrosis daily life care: Femoral head necrosis patients not only need drug treatment, daily health care is also very necessary. The following are three recommended daily health care methods: 1. Do not eat too much of a single diet, patients are not suitable for eating greasy and oversized food. Therefore, this will generate indigestion. Severe produce abdominal pain and diarrhea. And easy to make the blood lipid elevation, in short, the diet should be mixed, mixed and seek precision. 2, keep a relaxed mood, because bad mood, can lead to insomnia, distraction, days will be liver qi stagnation, or depression and fire, resulting in increased blood pressure, and even stroke, angina, etc.. For the serious time will aggravate the condition of femoral necrosis, therefore, try to keep a relaxed mood, calm and peaceful. 3, adhere to physical exercise, which will help the recovery of femoral head necrosis. However, the amount of exercise should not be too much and should be based on your body’s condition. The outdoor exercise every day will help promote blood circulation and prevent blood stagnation, thus preventing the aggravation of the symptoms of osteonecrosis of the femur. Warm tips: scientific diet is also necessary during the recovery of femoral head necrosis. Normally, you should eat more dairy products and legumes, which are rich in calcium. In addition, buy some big bones to stew big bone soup to drink, is also very nutritious. When making soup to smash the bones to crack, this will help more to integrate the nutrition into the soup.