Bacterial and viral infections can generally be differentiated by symptoms, pathogens, blood counts, and treatment efficacy. 1.Symptoms: (1) Bacterial infection: there may be chills and chills followed by a rise in temperature, and may be accompanied by purulent symptoms such as purulent nasal discharge, yellowish purulent sputum, and pus in the tonsils. (2) Viral infections: generally without chills, there may be nasal congestion, enlarged tonsils, headache, muscle aches and other symptoms. 2. Pathogens: (1) Bacterial infection: Bacterial fever occurs after infection with bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. (2) Viral infections: viral fever occurs when the patient is infected with a virus, such as influenza virus. 3. Blood routine: (1) Bacterial infection: elevation of leukocytes and neutrophils are predominant, and C-reactive protein will also be significantly elevated. (2) Viral infections: white blood cells and neutrophils are usually normal or reduced, and lymphocytes may be elevated. 4. Treatment effect: the effect varies after treatment with conventional antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and levofloxacin. (1) Bacterial infections: symptoms improve with antibiotics. (2) Viral infections: no effect on symptoms after antibiotics. The specific cause of the disease needs to be judged by the expertise of the doctor, and patients should not diagnose and use medication on their own to avoid aggravating the condition.