Molecular neuropathology has been developed in recent years by combining the results of molecular biology and molecular genetics on the basis of traditional histopathology and using relevant molecular biology techniques. It can detect the changes of receptors, growth factors, chromosomes and oncogenes of tumor cells at the gene and protein levels, and provide valuable information to clinicians about the differentiation, growth rate, metastasis and invasiveness of tumor cells against chemotherapy and radiotherapy, so as to guide the comprehensive treatment of neurological tumors in a targeted manner. Currently, the aggressiveness, uncontrolled proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy of glioma cells are the major influences on the comprehensive treatment of glioma. Malignant glioma aggressiveness and uncontrolled proliferation are the most characteristic malignant phenotypes, thus limiting the possibility of comprehensive means of radical treatment of malignant glioma, and are also important reasons for the failure of clinical treatment of aggressive growth and uncontrolled proliferation of radical malignant glioma. Therefore, understanding tumor cell characteristics at the molecular level is of special significance for effective means of targeted treatment. Our neuromolecular pathology diagnosis is the diagnosis and typing of glioma at the genetic and protein levels, which, when combined with the histopathological findings, can better guide the individualized radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and help determine the prognosis of patients.