Mr. Liu was found to have severe hydronephrosis and ureteral stones in his right kidney during his unit physical examination this year. Further examination confirmed that the right kidney function was already very poor and needed to be saved by immediate surgery. Two years ago, he had seen the emergency room for a sudden and severe pain in his right lower back, and the pain was quickly relieved after a dose of pain relief injection. How could a ureteral stone that had been dormant for two years cause a non-functioning kidney? Don’t underestimate ureteral stones, if they are not effectively treated and remain embedded in the same location for a long time, they can cause obstruction at the upper end of the ureteral stone and urine cannot be excreted normally to the bladder. Since ureteral stones do not move, they do not cause pain, but it does not mean that the stones have been expelled on their own. On the contrary, this kind of embedded ureteral stone will slowly form inflammatory reaction around the stone, stimulate the granulation tissue to newborn and wrap the stone, further aggravate the ureteral obstruction, create kidney fluid, and eventually affect the kidney function. Therefore, stones that are not painful need to be reviewed and followed up regularly. Current treatment of ureteral stones includes a variety of approaches, often requiring a combination of factors such as the size, location, type of stone and the presence or absence of hydronephrosis, local granulation, and urinary tract infection. Generally, ureteral stones with a short onset, smooth stones, less than 5 mm in diameter and no distal ureteral obstruction can be treated conservatively by drinking a lot of water and drug draining; simple upper ureteral stones with stones less than 8-10 mm can be treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. (ESWL); larger stones in the middle and lower ureter, or ureteral stones with longer local imbedding, can be treated by ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy; stones in the upper ureter with a diameter of more than 1 cm and more serious imbedding can be treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or laparoscopic lithotripsy. At present, the treatment of ureteral stones at home and abroad has fully entered the minimally invasive era, in which ureteroscopy, ESWL, PCNL and laparoscopic surgery can completely replace traditional open surgical procedures, so that patients can be cured timely and effectively through minimally invasive techniques. It was through laparoscopic ureterotomy for stone extraction that Mr. Liu above was able to save and improve his kidney function. At the same time, ureteral stones are treated in a timely manner with greater emphasis on regular review and follow-up, as well as lifestyle changes. Since patients with urinary stones have a higher rate of stone recurrence compared to the general population, it is recommended that patients visit a hospital specialist at least every six months for routine urine and ultrasound examinations to promptly deal with smaller recurrent stones and avoid complications such as kidney function damage. Pay attention to drinking more water during the day, especially an additional drink at night before going to bed. Adjust a reasonable diet structure to prevent problems before they occur.