An introduction to the treatment and prevention of ureteral stones

Ureteral stone is a relatively common disease in the urinary system, in the daily urology diagnosis and treatment occupies a considerable proportion of the ureteral “stone” are basically from the kidneys, which the larger stones once the ureter is blocked will cause obvious clinical signs and symptoms, such as hydronephrosis, hematuria, lumbar and abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, etc. And a considerable number of patients come to the hospital because of severe pain, and the patient is not a good choice for treatment. A large number of patients come to the hospital because of severe pain. Some patients don’t understand why the stone has no symptoms when it is inside the kidney, but will cause obstruction of the ureter when it falls into the ureter. In fact, it is very easy to understand, if the kidney is compared to a big house, then the ureter is the door of the house, the stone as a table inside the house, the table inside the house will not cause any obstruction, but stuck in the door will prevent people from traveling. The same is true for ureteral stones. Once suffering from ureteral stones how to treat it? In the clinic, the general maximum diameter of stones less than 0.8cm, if the stone is smooth, no obvious urinary tract obstruction and infection, you can first take conservative treatment, such as the application of “654-2, progesterone, tamoxifen” and other antispasmodic medication, “succinum stone particles, kidney stone passes “and other Chinese medicine, encourage patients to drink more water, appropriate exercise to promote the discharge of stones, etc., generally conservative treatment for one week after the review of the urinary b ultrasound to observe the discharge of stones, but if the stones can not be discharged through conservative treatment for a long time, should be actively used in the extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWL) or minimally invasive treatment of the luminal cavity mirror, or even open lithotripsy, long-term stone obstruction is easy to cause hydrocele or the formation of inflammation, and the formation of a kidney. Long-term stone obstruction can easily cause hydronephrosis or formation of inflammatory polyps wrapped around the stone, which will bring difficulties for subsequent treatment. For larger stones (diameter greater than 1.0cm), the edge is not smooth, accompanied by obvious upper urinary tract obstruction phenomenon, or with bilateral ureteral obstruction, seriously affecting renal function, or conservative treatment is ineffective, it should be actively carried out surgery to lift the ureteral obstruction. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is suitable for upper ureteral stones with a diameter of less than 2.0cm, not suitable for complex stones, infected stones, etc., which have an impact on renal function and are prone to form stone streets and obstruction. For example, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, transurethral ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy or pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy. Open surgery is often performed after the above treatments have failed. The formation of ureteral stones is a multifactorial process involving genetics, regional differences, diet, ethnicity, occupation, anatomical abnormalities, etc., which makes stone prevention difficult to standardize. However, a healthy diet (e.g., oxalic acid-rich vegetables should not be eaten with calcium-rich foods, such as spinach and tofu; less purine-rich animal offal, seafood, etc.), reasonable living habits (e.g., drink more water, exercise), regular health checks, etc. …… In short, treatment and prevention of the disease lies in the formation of good living habits and a sense of health. In conclusion, the treatment and prevention of diseases also lies in the formation of good living habits and health consciousness, and we hope that we can work together to maintain a healthy body! The above is my own clinical work in the ureteral stones and some of the humble opinion, I hope to give the majority of patients some knowledge of this disease and help.