Precancerous lesions of esophageal cancer include chronic esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus (Barrett’s esophagus), esophageal epithelial hyperplasia, esophageal polyps, esophageal ulcers, esophageal leukoplakia and so on. Its development generally passes through stages of atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Timely prevention and treatment of these diseases is very important to prevent and treat esophageal cancer. From atypical hyperplasia to carcinoma usually takes several years or even a dozen years. Because of this, some esophageal cancers can be detected early and can be completely cured. Patients with dysphagia or foreign body sensation should undergo gastroscopy as soon as possible to detect precancerous lesions or early esophageal cancer. Many people have reflux esophagitis, what are the risks? Is it related to the development of esophageal cancer? Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory lesion of the esophagus caused by the reflux of stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus. It can usually be cured by adjusting the diet and taking regular medication. Barrett’s esophagus is a special type of reflux esophagitis that has been studied to be associated with the development of esophageal cancer. The reflux of gastric juice stimulates the squamous epithelium in the lower part of the esophagus to transform into columnar epithelium, which is called Barrett’s esophagus. Barrett’s esophagus has the potential to develop adenocarcinoma. The risk of developing esophageal cancer is 30-50 times higher than that of the general population, and approximately 2-5% of Barrett’s esophagus cases evolve into esophageal adenocarcinoma each year.