Vertical lines on children’s nails may be physiologic or pathologic, such as a lack of calcium. Vertical lines on children’s nails that are evenly distributed and have a shiny surface may be a normal physiological phenomenon and do not require special treatment. Trauma or fungal infections can also cause vertical lines on children’s nails. Therefore, when children’s nails are caused by trauma, they should consult a doctor for further examination. If it is due to fungal infection, antifungal treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor. When children have partiality and picky eating behavior, it may lead to the lack of calcium, zinc and other trace elements, resulting in the appearance of vertical lines on the nails. In this case, the child’s partiality should be corrected in time, and attention should be paid to the diversity of diets to ensure balanced nutrition. If necessary, calcium, zinc and other trace elements can be artificially supplemented. Therefore, when the child’s nails appear vertical lines, parents are recommended to take the child to the hospital for relevant examinations, and promptly identify the causes for appropriate treatment.