In the case of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, antibacterial agents are not routinely used, unless the patient’s urine culture confirms the presence of an infection, then the treatment is usually for 7-10 days. However, if there is no co-infection, no antimicrobial agent is needed. After lithotripsy, patients should only drink more water and urinate more, or take oral lithotripsy medication. If there is no infection in the preoperative examination, in principle, one dose of antimicrobial agent should be administered about half an hour before the surgery. However, if the presence of infection is confirmed, anti-infection treatment will be given for about 7-10 days according to the infection. Therefore, not all stones need to be treated with antimicrobial agents after lithotripsy. For patients with stones combined with localized fluid or pain without infection, antimicrobials are not required. If infection is present, antimicrobial agents are indicated. If no infection is present, anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e. antimicrobial therapy, are not required.