The symptoms of lumbar 5 sacral 1 central herniation mainly include low back pain and urinary and bowel problems, which often need to be treated by surgery. 1. Low back pain: Low back pain is usually more obvious when sitting for a long time, bending over to hold objects or catching cold. 2. Urinary and faecal disorders: If the central herniated disc compresses the cauda equina, urinary and faecal disorders may occur and may lead to urinary retention or urinary incontinence. If the patient is young, has an early onset or has no signs or symptoms such as posterior longitudinal ligament bone, minimally invasive surgical treatment can be performed. If the lumbar 5 sacral 1 central herniation occurs in the elderly and is accompanied by lumbar spinal stenosis as well as osteophytes, ligamentous hypertrophy, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, or severe dyspareunia, then incisional surgery is required.