Febrile convulsions, also known as hyperthermia, are one of the most common convulsions in children, and most of them have a good prognosis; they are more common between the ages of 6 months and 3 years, and generally resolve after the age of 5 years due to perfect brain development. A diagnosis of febrile convulsions can be made. The cause of febrile convulsions is not fully understood. Among the known pathogenic conditions, age, fever, infection and genetics are important. Genetic factors are the tendency to convulsions, fever is the condition of convulsions, infection is the cause of fever, and age-related developmental stages are the intrinsic basis of convulsions. Clinical manifestations The manifestation is a sudden onset of generalized or restricted tonic and clonic convulsions of muscle groups, mostly accompanied by impaired consciousness and of short duration. Diagnosis The diagnosis of febrile convulsions is usually made when the disease occurs at the beginning of upper respiratory tract infection or other infectious diseases, the convulsions occur during the rise of body temperature greater than 38°C, and intracranial infections and other organic or metabolic abnormalities that cause convulsions are excluded. Treatment If a child has a febrile convulsion at home, parents should not panic, put the child in a flat lateral position to avoid asphyxiation from vomit inhalation, wipe away secretions with a tissue or towel, and give a towel to warm water to cool the body. If the convulsions are not relieved in a sustained state (more than 5 minutes or even more than 30 minutes of unconsciousness), send to the nearest hospital for immediate resuscitation treatment, including oxygen, intravenous use of Valium to stop the shock, drug antipyretic and other emergency treatment. After stabilization, perform EEG, cranial CT or MRI, blood biochemistry and other tests to exclude other diseases that cause convulsions. Prevention The prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions mainly includes two aspects, the most important of which is that parents need to give their children proper exercise and adequate nutrition to minimize or avoid acute febrile illnesses at this stage of infancy, if the child has signs of fever, early identification and active use of antipyretic drugs or physical cooling to prevent the temperature from rising above 38°C is particularly important, and secondly, parents should be aware of the condition and intermittent short course of fever. Preventive treatment includes the timely use of Valium (including oral or rectal administration) in the early stages of fever (when the temperature is 37.5°C), as well as the timely reduction of fever and treatment of the primary illness. If a child has complex febrile convulsions, frequent febrile convulsions (more than 5 times per year), or persistent febrile convulsions that are not treated with intermittent short course therapy, long-term oral antiepileptic drugs can be used to control seizures for the purpose of preventing febrile convulsions, either phenobarbital or sodium valproate, and the course of treatment generally lasts until 3 to 5 years of age.