Lumbar disc herniation is a common degenerative disease of the lumbar spine and the most common cause of back and leg pain. With the continuous development of new technologies, the use of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation is becoming more and more common. Especially in recent years, we have more minimally invasive surgical modalities in available. Minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation includes the following major categories: 1. Chemical nucleolysis The nucleolytic enzymes currently used in clinical practice include papaya rennet and collagenase. There is a controversy about which enzyme is safer and more effective. There is no consensus on the application of chemical myelolysis. The traditional view is that this technique is suitable for herniated discs confined to an intact fibrous annulus (inclusive disc herniation); in patients over 60 years of age, the content of proteoglycans in their discs is reduced, and the hydrolytic effect of proteases is difficult to perform. The main complications of myelolysis are allergic reaction (0.5%), brain and spinal cord injury (0.03%), burning neuralgia, and discitis, etc. Complications are rare but often have serious consequences. 2, percutaneous discectomy The basic principle is that through percutaneous puncture technique, a working cannula is built into the diseased disc and the nucleus pulposus tissue is mechanically cut and removed by special instruments. The indications for percutaneous discectomy are similar to those for chemical lysis of the nucleus pulposus, and the presence of a prolapsed disc fragment should be excluded preoperatively. The size of the herniated disc is an important factor affecting the surgical outcome. 3, percutaneous laser discectomy Theoretically, after laser vaporization and ablation of part of the nucleus pulposus tissue, the intradiscal pressure decreases substantially, even causing the herniated disc tissue to retract, thus reducing nerve root compression and relieving clinical symptoms. However, reports of its efficacy are inconsistent, and there are no prospective studies in this area. Since this technique is also not performed under direct vision, its disadvantages are obvious, and it requires more expensive laser equipment. 4. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy is a new technique for minimally invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration that has emerged in recent years. The clinical application is limited.