Lumber Disc Herniation (LDH) is a common and frequent disease in orthopaedics and traumatology, and its onset is getting younger and younger, the clinical symptoms of this disease bring patients troubles, seriously affect their daily life, and bring heavy burden to family and society. LDH is a syndrome that causes a series of clinical symptoms due to nerve root, spinal cord and blood vessel compression. The herniated disc can occur in a single segment or multiple segments at the same time, the most common being L4/5 and L5/S1. Long-term incorrect sitting posture, lack of physical exercise, and excessive obesity lead to premature degeneration of the lumbar tissues, especially degeneration of the intervertebral discs, which is the basic factor in the development of LDH. On the basis of disc degeneration, under the following triggers such as sudden weight-bearing on the lumbar region, cold and dampness, violent coughing, sneezing, constipation, etc., the force on the lumbar region suddenly increases, the fibrous ring ruptures and the nucleus pulposus protrudes, and the protruding nucleus pulposus tissue moves posteriorly or into the spinal canal from the rupture site, stimulating or compressing the corresponding nerve roots in the lumbar region, thus producing clinical symptoms of lumbar pain and numbness of the lower limbs. Pain is the earliest, most important and most common clinical symptom of LDH. This is followed by abnormal sensation in the innervated area of the sciatic nerve, which manifests as radiating pain in the lower back, buttocks, posterior thigh, and lateral calf up to the foot. In case of cauda equina nerve compression, abnormalities in urination and defecation, perineum and perianal sensation occur. In severe cases, scoliosis of the lumbar spine and limitation of lumbar movement occur. Lumbar fusion is the gold standard for surgical treatment of LDH, and postoperative avoidance of poor lifestyle habits and lumbar back muscle training can effectively reduce the incidence and degree of lower back pain, reduce the probability of degeneration of adjacent segments, and improve postoperative satisfaction. The significance of lumbar back muscle training The significance of lumbar back muscle exercise in the treatment and reduction of recurrence of this disease can be summarized as follows: ① Maintaining the stability of the lumbar spine and correcting the compensatory scoliosis deformity of the lumbar spine. The stability of the lumbar spine depends on the spinal system and the muscular system to maintain together. In patients with LDH, the muscle strength of the lumbar spine is weakened, the stability of the lumbar region is reduced, and the lumbar spine is prone to scoliosis deformity and slippage, causing changes in the position of protrusions and nerve roots and aggravating clinical symptoms. Lumbar back muscle exercise can enhance the core muscle strength of the lumbar region, form a strong supporting force at the periphery of the lumbar spine and strengthen the stability of the spine. ② Accelerate local blood circulation and reduce inflammatory response. Lumbar back muscle exercise can reduce the tension of lumbar muscles, accelerate local blood circulation and metabolism, reduce the production of inflammatory pain-causing substances, and promote the absorption of local swelling. At the same time, it can increase muscle blood supply and avoid muscle atrophy. ③Improve nerve root and dural adhesions. Lumbar back muscle exercise can reduce the chance of nerve root and dural adhesions in the long term after lumbar spine surgery, ensure the appropriate range of nerve root movement, promote the recovery of nerve function, improve the regulation function of the nervous system on muscles, and relieve muscle pain. ④ Reduce the probability of degeneration of the adjacent segment. Through the low back muscle training can make the low back muscles strong, can moderately reduce the internal pressure of the intervertebral disc, slow down the rate of degeneration. Many scholars at home and abroad have shown that lumbar back muscle training after lumbar fusion surgery can significantly reduce the probability of postoperative lower back pain and the degeneration rate of the adjacent segments. The method of lumbar back muscle training 1, swimming training Swimming is the best way to train the lumbar back muscles, with non-invasive, significant effect and other characteristics. The regular contraction and relaxation of the erector spinae and lumbar back muscles when swimming for air can make the lumbar back muscles get sufficient training. Whether it is breaststroke, freestyle, or various fancy swimming, all can achieve the training effect. Among many swimming styles, breaststroke is the most effective, freestyle is the second most effective, and backstroke is the worst. Adhere to swimming 1-3 times a week, about 1-1.5h each time, after 3 months, it can effectively improve the postoperative lumbar back muscle disuse atrophy, reduce the lower back pain, soreness and swelling, and help maintain a good living condition. 2.Lower back muscle training exercises When the patient’s grade is large and the organism state is not enough to support swimming training, the following training methods can be tried: ①Small swallow flying; the patient takes a prone position, both upper limbs are stretched backward, both lower limbs and chest are lifted off the bed at the same time to do the back extension movement of the lower back muscle. ②Three point support method; the patient takes the supine position with arms crossed in front of the chest, head and feet as the point of emphasis, so that the trunk and lower limbs are propped up and lifted off the bed. ③five-point support method; the patient takes supine position, head, both elbows and both feet as the pressure point, force the trunk and lower limbs out of the bed, and do the lumbar back muscle hyperextension exercise. Details are as follows: lumbar back muscle exercise exercises need to reach a certain exercise intensity to have an effect. Point support and swallow point water need to try to adhere to each time, adhere to more than 5 times in a row, repeated training, long-term adherence to have a certain effect. Flying swallow point water style can maintain the posture to muscle strain, or “flying swallow point water – prone – flying swallow point water” repeated to strain, repeat 5 times after rest. Just training can occur when the back pain, no special treatment. In contrast, “backward walking” training is not recommended because of the risk of LDH exacerbated by falls.