The so-called local anesthetics, mainly the common procaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine, are mainly applied to the block of peripheral nerves and the block of central nerves in the spine. When a nerve is stimulated and an action potential is generated, it can cause a change in the permeability of the nerve membrane, thus causing an inward flow of sodium ions and an outward flow of potassium ions, while local anesthetics mainly act on peripheral nerves by inhibiting the permeability of the nerve membrane, blocking the inward flow of sodium ions, and preventing the generation of action potentials and the conduction of nerve impulses, thus producing a local anesthetic effect. Under the effect of local anesthesia, the patient is generally awake, and consciousness is not affected, which is relative to general anesthesia, while general anesthetics mainly act on the central nerve above the spinal cord, i.e., the brain, which generally affects consciousness, which is the difference between the two.