Acute leukemia is a malignant clonal disease originating from hematopoietic stem cells. It manifests as a massive proliferation and accumulation of abnormal primitive and naive cells in bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, which will also inhibit normal hematopoiesis and extensively infiltrate the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and other organs, and may present with symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, and infection. The etiology of acute leukemia is mainly considered to be related to physical, chemical, biological and genetic factors: 1. Physical factors: ionizing radiation such as gamma rays and X-rays, as well as factors such as radiation dose, duration and age are associated with causing leukemia, for example, the incidence of leukemia in patients with ankylosing spondylitis receiving chemotherapy is significantly higher than that of the normal population; 2. Chemical factors: smoking, drugs, occupational Exposure to chemical agents can cause acute leukemia, such as patients who use the drug etanercept for psoriasis, benzene exposure in chemical plants, and patients treated with alkylating agents such as nitrosourea, etc., have a significantly higher incidence of leukemia; 3, biological factors: T-lymphocyte viruses can cause acute leukemia, which can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus, and can also be transmitted laterally through blood product transfusion, sexual contact, and 4, genetic factors: about 7% of patients show familial onset, such as Down syndrome, congenital aplastic anemia, congenital vasodilatory erythropathy and congenital immunoglobulin deficiency and other genetic disorders with a high incidence of leukemia; 5, other: acute leukemia can develop from other blood diseases, such as acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloid proliferation abnormalities syndrome, etc.