Thyroid nodule puncture for atypical hyperplasia is not necessarily cancer. Thyroid nodule puncture atypical lesion is the result of pathological examination, suggesting that the results of the puncture pathology performed are at the stage of benign-malignant junction, but it is not yet possible to diagnose that it is a malignant tumor, and the clinical statistics prove that the possibility of malignant tumor is around 30%. Thyroid puncture pathology is categorized into 0-6 grades according to the pathological results and the possibility of malignancy. Thyroid nodule puncture is atypical hyperplasia, which is equivalent to grade IIl lesion, indicating benign lesion with malignant possibility. After such a report, the thyroid nodule should be reviewed periodically. If the lesion shows significant enlargement, it should be surgically removed as soon as possible and intraoperative pathologic examination should be performed. If malignant lesions are found, the scope of surgical resection needs to be enlarged, and postoperative iodine 131 treatment is also required, etc.