Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia using HLA compatible sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has a 5-year survival rate of more than 80% for successful transplantation, and the survival rate for successful transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from unrelated donors is about 60%. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a treatment modality for severe aplastic anemia that achieves rapid reconstitution of hematopoiesis, a high complete treatment response rate, fewer relapses, and a high quality of patient survival. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants given to patients with aplastic anemia major have different survival rates under different circumstances. After receiving a transplant from an HLA-matched sibling donor, the 5-year survival rate is generally not low and can reach more than 80%, and there is no difference in the life expectancy of these patients who have survived more than 5 years from a normal person. The therapeutic efficacy of unrelated donors can also reach about 60%. If diagnosed with aplastic anemia, it is recommended to undergo standardized treatment under the guidance of a physician as soon as possible in order to reduce the adverse effects of the disease.