Thyroid disease is a common disease in the endocrinology department, and the main clinical conditions are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The main mechanism of anti-thyroid drugs is to inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone, which can only be used for patients with mild hyperthyroidism, children, elderly people, pregnant women or patients with post-operative relapse. Iodine 131 is a highly iodine-intake and iodine-concentration drug, which is suitable for patients with moderate hyperthyroidism and allergy to antithyroid drugs or relapse after treatment. However, this drug is associated with some radiation and should not be taken by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Surgery: The surgical treatment for hyperthyroidism is mainly the removal of most of the thyroid gland. Surgery is mainly suitable for patients with moderate or severe hyperthyroidism. For the treatment of hypothyroidism, medication is usually taken, and common medications include levothyroxine sodium and thyroid tablets. Levothyroxine sodium is a synthetic drug and can be used by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Thyroid tablets are extracted from animal tissues and have a relatively low safety profile, so they are less commonly used in clinical practice. The incidence of thyroid disease is increasing year by year, so it is important to take better care of it in daily life and develop good habits.