The incidence of pulmonary stenosis (PVS) accounts for approximately 8% to 10% of congenital heart disease. Pulmonary stenosis is most common with simple pulmonary stenosis, accounting for approximately 90% of cases, followed by funicular stenosis, while stenosis of the pulsus arteriosus and its branches is rare, but can be secondary or complicating subvalvular stenosis, which can exist alone or as a component of other cardiac malformations, such as tetralogy of Fallot and patent foramen ovale. If the transvalvular pressure difference is <30% mmhg, there are usually no significant clinical symptoms. 1.Severe PVS in neonates, infants and children with cyanosis or heart failure requires emergency surgery; 2.Patients with no symptoms and no obvious abnormal changes in ECG, right ventricular systolic pressure above 8.0 kPa (60 mmHg) or transvalvular pressure difference greater than 5.3 kPa (40 mmHg) on right heart catheterization, or valve orifice between 1.0 and 1.5 cm on echocardiography should be considered for surgery. The stenosis should be considered as moderate. 3. A right ventricular systolic pressure close to or exceeding the blood pressure of the body circulation requires early surgery despite the absence of symptoms and complications. 4.Asymptomatic but ECG shows right ventricular hypertrophy or with strain, and X-ray shows moderate enlargement of the heart. 5.Symptomatic electrocardiogram and X-ray have abnormal changes, and the age of surgery is preferable to preschool. 6.In cases of severe stenosis with a history of fainting episodes, surgery should be performed in infancy to reduce the load on the right ventricle. 7.When the systolic pressure step difference between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery stem is ≥50 mmHg, surgery can be performed at the age of 2~4 years. 8, When the pressure step difference is <50 mmHg, surgical treatment is similar to that of medical percutaneous balloon catheter pulmonary valvuloplasty, but if there is more obvious secondary muscle hypertrophy in the funnel, or valve annulus dysplasia, surgery is necessary. Surgical procedures 1. direct visual pulmonary valvotomy, suitable only for simple pulmonary stenosis with mild disease without secondary funicular stenosis and other concomitant intracardiac malformations; 2. direct visual correction under extracorporeal circulation, suitable for the treatment of all types of pulmonary orifice stenosis; 3. percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV), the results of PBPV are similar to those of surgical procedures except with pulmonary valve annular dysplasia. The results of PBPV are similar to those of surgery, and it has become the first choice. Patients with mild pulmonary stenosis are clinically asymptomatic, can grow and develop normally, and can adapt to normal living ability without surgical treatment; 2, patients with moderate pulmonary stenosis generally develop palpitations and shortness of breath after activity at the age of about 20 years, and without surgical treatment, right ventricular overload will inevitably lead to right heart failure as they grow older, resulting in loss of life and labor ability; 3, patients with very severe pulmonary stenosis are often treated with percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV). Patients with very severe pulmonary stenosis often show obvious symptoms in early childhood, and can often die in early childhood if not treated in time. Prior to the 1980s, surgical pulmonary valvotomy was the only means of treating the disease, and the method was to cut open the stenotic annulus under extracorporeal circulation. However, with the development of medicine, percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty has become the treatment of choice for simple pulmonary stenosis.