Hyperthyroidism (referred to as hyperthyroidism) is a common endocrine disorder, a syndrome of increased metabolic rate due to overproduction of thyroid hormones. It is mainly caused by immune dysfunction, and is also associated with genetic, neuropsychiatric, puberty, pregnancy process and menopause factors. Clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism include swelling of the neck, protruding eyes, fear of heat and sweating, palpitations, hand tremors, easy hunger and overeating, fatigue, emaciation, agitation and irritability, and insomnia. There may also be muscle weakness, periodic paralysis, frequent bowel movements or diarrhea. Blood tests may show increased levels of thyroid hormones such as T3, T4, FT3 and FT4. Hyperthyroidism is a systemic disease that affects all organ systems and is a serious health risk for patients. Traditional treatments for hyperthyroidism include antithyroid drugs, herbal medicine and surgical treatment, each of which has its own characteristics and indications, but there are obvious shortcomings and deficiencies. For example, anti-thyroid drugs are more effective for first-time and light patients, but the course of medication often takes more than 2 years and is prone to recurrence, and the effect is worse for those with obvious goiter in the neck. Although surgical treatment is more effective, it has certain pain, contraindications and complications, and leaves a surgical scar that affects the aesthetic appearance, and the cost is high, which is difficult to be generally accepted. Due to the limitations and shortcomings of the above treatment methods, the nuclear medicine community has been looking for new and better treatment methods. As a result, an advanced single oral dose of radioactive 131 iodine was developed. To date, more than 1.5 million patients have received this treatment worldwide and hundreds of thousands in China, all of whom have achieved remarkable results. 131 Iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism is a major contribution of nuclear medicine to modern medicine, the most successful example of the peaceful use of atomic energy, especially in medical science, and an important symbol of the modernization of medical science, which should and can continue to make greater contributions to human health. The principle of 131 iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism is to take advantage of the fact that the thyroid gland is highly iodophilic. When 131 iodine enters the body, it can quickly concentrate on the thyroid gland like ordinary iodine and gradually destroy the hyperplastic thyroid tissue with the beta rays it releases, causing the thyroid gland to shrink without the patient realizing it and reducing the production of thyroid hormones, thus reducing or curing hyperthyroidism. Compared with the traditional treatment method 131 iodine treatment has the following advantages 1. After completing the relevant examination, only one dose or one mouthful of medicine is needed, and the whole treatment is finished. Most patients take outpatient treatment and do not need to be hospitalized, which is especially suitable for patients in rural areas and patients with poor medical conditions. 2.The treatment effect is particularly good. The efficiency is above 98%, and the cure rate is as high as 70~80%. 3.It can treat patients with serious complications, such as heart disease, recurrence after surgery or difficulty to operate again after surgery. 4.No damage to parathyroid glands, laryngeal recurrent nerve and other peri-thyroid tissues, thus no surgical complications such as twitching of hands and feet, hoarseness, etc. It does not leave scar on the neck and does not affect the beauty. 5.A few people who have not been cured by taking 131 iodine once can undergo multiple 131 iodine treatments. 6. It has no obvious effect on bone marrow and does not cause white blood cell reduction. It also does not cause hair loss, does not affect fertility, does not cause secondary leukemia, does not cause malformations or genetic abnormalities, and does not cause cancer. Although a small number of patients may have hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism for short), it will be corrected quickly with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Because 131 iodine therapy has unique advantages that cannot be replaced by other methods, it is currently considered to be the treatment of choice for adult hyperthyroidism, except for patients who are breastfeeding or pregnant, who should not be treated. Before treatment, necessary tests should be performed, including routine blood tests, blood levels of thyroid hormones (such as T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, etc.), thyroid 131 iodine uptake rate and thyroid imaging. To ensure the accuracy of the tests and the best results of treatment, patients should refrain from using iodine-containing drugs (such as western iodine tablets and X-ray contrast agents) for 4 weeks, iodine-containing foods (mainly seafood) for 3 weeks and medications for thyroid disease for 2 weeks before the above tests. Most of the patients started to show effect 2~3 weeks after taking the medication. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as palpitations, thick neck, fear of heat and excessive sweating gradually reduced, and the symptoms of hyperthyroidism basically disappeared around 3 months after taking the medication. After taking 131 iodine, patients should return to the hospital for a review in 3-6 months to evaluate the effect of treatment or to decide whether to take further treatment.