There are many misunderstandings in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (malignant tumors): I. Neglecting the prevention of cancer The World Health Organization points out that if correct measures are taken and existing conditions are fully utilized, one-third of existing cancers can be prevented, one-third can be cured, and most of those that cannot be cured can be cured by appropriate treatment to reduce pain. Worldwide, 10 million new malignant tumors occur each year, of which more than 1.5 million occur in China. In the age group of 35-54 years, cancer is the first cause of death; in the age group of 55-74 years, cancer takes the second place, after heart disease. In many regions, malignant tumors have become the leading cause of death in the population. Many in people’s lifestyles are associated with the occurrence of cancer. For example, 35-50% of cancers are related to diet; 20-30% of cancers are related to smoking; 5-7% of cancers are related to sexual behavior, etc. Since these factors involve both the popularization of medical knowledge and the correction of living habits, and are also related to medical conditions, they are often difficult to receive the attention they deserve. The average literacy level of our population is low, and the proportion of patients who seek medical treatment at the early stage of the disease and are diagnosed is very low, and once discovered, many of them are already in the middle and late stages, and even have multiple metastases. Eight common cancers in China, namely, esophageal cancer and cardia cancer, primary liver cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, primary bronchopulmonary cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer, have many traces in their early stages, for example, esophageal cancer has poor swallowing and foreign body sensation when eating in its early stages; colorectal cancer has unexplained alternating diarrhea and constipation in its early stages; nasopharyngeal cancer has nasal congestion and epistaxis in its early stages, and so on. Therefore, to improve the ability of self-diagnosis of tumor has a pivotal position in achieving early detection and early treatment. Many patients who are highly suspected to be diagnosed with cancer either hold a fluke psychology or have difficulty in accepting it psychologically, or their family members are worried that the patient cannot bear it and conceal the disease from the patient. This phenomenon occurs because, firstly, they lack correct understanding of the importance and necessity of correct diagnosis and treatment of tumor; secondly, they are too weak psychologically; thirdly, they are influenced by the stereotype that cancer is a terminal disease and have no confidence in fighting for good treatment. All these will affect the treatment due to the first fear. Once patients have early suspicious symptoms of tumor, they should go to oncology specialist as early as possible, if they get authoritative exclusion, everyone will be relieved and all will be happy; if they are diagnosed, they can also get the valuable opportunity of early standardized treatment and win time. 4. The first treatment plan has a decisive influence on the near and long-term efficacy For cancer patients, the correct plan of the first treatment can be a matter of life and death. The basic treatments for cancer are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and bioimmunotherapy. All of these may be central to the first treatment plan. Which one is preferred depends on the type of tumor and the patient’s specific condition. What comprehensive measures should be taken after the first treatment should be determined according to the effect of the first treatment and the possible factors of recurrence. Scientific and regular treatment is the hope of tumor patients. The merits of tumor treatment can only be reproduced and evaluated after a period of time, so whether the treatment plan is standardized is extremely important to both doctors and patients. Therefore, whether the treatment plan is standardized or not is very important for doctors and patients. The doctors should have rich medical knowledge and professional knowledge of tumor in order to make a good plan, and the patients should also understand the common sense so that they will not rush to the doctor or blindly follow some invalid treatment. According to the statistics of an authoritative institution in China, the five-year survival rate of tumor patients treated by regular tumor specialists has reached 40%, while the five-year survival rate of those treated by non-tumor specialists is only 10%, and the survival rate of those treated by the United States has reached more than 50%, which proves the importance of standardized treatment of tumor, that is to say, tumor is not a terminal disease, as long as early detection and early scientific and standardized treatment can achieve better results. At the same time, tumor is still a difficult problem to be overcome in today’s medical science, involving a wide range of knowledge and many necessary equipments, far from being a disease that anyone can try to cure. Therefore, it is important to avoid tragedies caused by mistakes in the concept of tumor diagnosis and treatment.