Physiological jaundice is a gradual rise in serum bilirubin from 17 to 51 μmol/L (1 to 3 mg/dl) at birth to 86 μmol/L (5 mg/dl) or more 24 hours after birth in newborns, with clinical jaundice without other symptoms, which subsides within 1 to 2 weeks. Serum bilirubin for physiological jaundice does not exceed 204 μmol/L (12 mg/dl) in term infants and 255 μmol/L (15 mg/dl) in preterm infants. However, individual preterm infants with serum bilirubin less than 204 μmol/L (12 mg/dl) can also develop bilirubin encephalopathy and should be alert to physiologic jaundice to prevent misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of pathologic jaundice. Signs and symptoms of neonatal jaundice (a) Medical history 1, jaundice appears within 24 hours of the emergence of common jaundice should first consider neonatal hemolysis, followed by CMV and other congenital infections; 2-3 days to physiological jaundice is the most common, ABO hemolysis should also be excluded; 4-7 days to sepsis, breast milk jaundice is more common; 7 days after the presentation of jaundice is sepsis, neonatal pneumonia, biliary atresia. breast milk jaundice are possible. 2, jaundice develops rapidly neonatal hemolysis is the fastest, followed by sepsis, neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia develop more slowly and persistently. 3, feces and urine color fecal color is very light or gray, urine color is dark suggests neonatal hepatitis or biliary atresia. 4, family history of family with sericosis should be considered whether G6PD deficiency disease; parents with hepatitis should be excluded hepatitis. 5, pregnancy history, birth history (premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labor suggests infection during delivery), the mother’s medication history before delivery, etc. (B) clinical symptoms 1, physiological jaundice light yellow confined to the face and neck, or spread to the trunk, the sclera can also be yellow, 2-3 days later fade, to the 5th to 6th day skin color back to normal; heavy jaundice also first head and then feet can spread throughout the body, vomit and cerebrospinal fluid can also be yellow, for more than 1 week, especially individual premature infants can last up to 4 weeks, their feces are still yellow, no bilirubin in the urine. 2, jaundice color is light flower color, heavy color is darker, but the skin is red, yellow in red. 3, the jaundice site is mostly seen in the trunk, the sclera and the proximal extremities generally but elbows and knees. 4, the general condition of the newborn is good, no anemia, the liver and spleen are not enlarged, liver function is normal, no nuclear jaundice occurs. 5, preterm infants physiological jaundice more common than full-term infants, can be slightly delayed 1 to 2d appear, the degree of jaundice is heavier, the fading is also delayed, can be delayed to 2 to 4 weeks. (3) Prevention and care of neonatal jaundice should pay attention to the following points (1) fetal yellow is often due to wet heat attack on the pregnant mother and the fetus, resulting in fetal yellow after birth, so during pregnancy, pregnant mothers should pay attention to diet, but do not eat cold, not hungry and full, and avoid alcohol and hot and spicy products to prevent damage to the spleen and stomach. (2) If a woman has had a baby with fetal yellowness, she should take precautions when she is pregnant again and take Chinese medicine on time. (3) Closely observe the scleral jaundice of the baby after birth, and treat the jaundice as soon as possible and observe the change in jaundice color to understand the progress of jaundice. (4) Observe the general symptoms of the infant with fetal yellow, including depression, drowsiness, difficulty in suckling, agitation, squinting, tonicity or convulsions of the limbs, etc., in order to detect and deal with serious cases early. (5) Closely observe heart rate, heart sounds, degree of anemia and changes in liver size for early prevention and treatment of heart failure. (6) Pay attention to protect the cleanliness of the infant’s skin, umbilicus and buttocks to prevent breakage and infection. (7) When blood exchange therapy is needed, disinfect the air in the ward in a timely manner, prepare all the blood and various drugs and items, and strictly follow the operating procedures.