The pathogenesis of epilepsy is a very complex issue. It involves various factors such as ion channels, neurotransmitters, immune, biochemical and genetic factors. Simply put, our brain is like a computer, consisting of a huge network of nerve cells called neurons. In our daily lives, tens of thousands of electrical signals are ignited by these cells, controlling how we think, feel, and do everything we do. Under normal circumstances, our organism has its own internal balancing devices that ensure that the electrical signals follow a certain path to accomplish our various activities. If there is a sudden disruption of these balancing devices without any warning, the normal path of electrical signals is disturbed and the ignition of neurons is accelerated compared to normal, a sudden burst of discharge may occur, which triggers an epileptic seizure. The seizure process usually lasts from a few seconds to several minutes, and then the brain cells return to their normal state. It is generally believed that seizures require three factors: 1. Genetic susceptibility of the organism, i.e., low convulsive threshold; everyone has a convulsive seizure threshold from birth, some are high, some are low. In a certain environment, a person with a low “seizure threshold” may have a seizure, while in the same environment, a person with a normal “seizure threshold” will not have such a phenomenon. 2. The presence of pathological brain damage that can cause seizures. 3. Seizure triggering factors. The first two factors are the most important. In the case of a high convulsive threshold, even if there is a cause or trigger that causes a seizure, it does not necessarily cause a seizure; on the contrary, in the case of a low convulsive threshold, the cause or trigger alone can cause a seizure. As an example, traumatic brain injury is a common cause of epilepsy, but not all patients with the same traumatic brain injury develop seizures; seizures may occur in those with a low seizure threshold and not in those with a high seizure threshold. The seizure threshold plays a major role here.