Pathologic jaundice generally refers to elevated bilirubin caused by pathologic factors. Jaundice is a common neonatal condition, and some newborns may have physiologic jaundice for a short period of time after birth. If the total serum bilirubin concentration exceeds 34.2 μmol/L, the child may be pathologically jaundiced. The common causes of pathological jaundice are neonatal hemolysis, neonatal infections, congenital hypothyroidism, neonatal hepatitis, etc., which leads to excretory disorders affecting the liver’s processing of bilirubin, resulting in elevated bilirubin. Because the blood-brain barrier of newborns is still not well developed, bilirubin will enter the brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier, and if left untreated, it will cause damage to the nerve cells of the brain. If left untreated, it can cause damage to the nerve cells of the brain. In severe cases, it can also lead to irreversible damage to the nervous system, and even lead to the death of the child. Therefore, if pathological jaundice occurs, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time to avoid delaying the condition.