Rectal polyps refer to bulging lesions on the surface of the rectal mucosa that protrude into the intestinal cavity. Except for juvenile polyps, which mostly occur in children aged 5 to 10 years old, most rectal polyps occur above 40 years old, and the older the age, the higher the incidence. The size and shape of rectal polyps vary; smaller polyps may be asymptomatic; if they are close to the anus, they may cause an increase in the number of stools; when polyps have ulcers on the surface, blood in the stool may occur, which is fresh blood, covered by the surface of the stool and not mixed with it; when the polyps with tips at the lower end of the rectum are defecating, they may come out of the anus; when they are combined with infection, there may be mucus and blood in the stool, and there is a feeling of urgency and incomplete defecation. When the elderly patients found to have the above symptoms should go to the hospital in time, through the doctor rectal finger examination, at the same time with proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy and other examinations can basically determine the diagnosis, and can be taken under the microscope biopsy for pathological examination to determine the nature of polyps. So should we operate on rectal polyps? We need to make a decision based on the pathological nature, shape, size, location and other information of polyps. Pathologically, polyps are divided into tumor polyps and non-tumor polyps. Neoplastic polyps can be divided into tubular adenomas, villous adenomas, and mixed adenomas, which are mostly single and more common with a tip. Non-neoplastic polyps include hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps, etc. In addition to small mound-like raised hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps and other non-neoplastic polyps can be closely observed by regular examination Many experts believe that tumor polyps are advocated for early surgical removal. Although tumor polyps are benign tumors, they are closely related to cancer and can be considered as a pre-cancerous manifestation with a high risk of malignancy, and the larger the polyp the greater the possibility of cancer. The main surgical methods for rectal polyps: 1, electrocautery Small polyps with smooth mucosa can be revealed by proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or fiberoptic colonoscopy and cauterized directly. Polyps with tips can be cauterized by placing a collar at the root of the tip. 2.Transcanal resection Polyps in the lower rectum can be removed by dilating the anus under sacral anesthesia. 3.Transcanaloscopic microsurgical resection is suitable for adenomas in the upper rectum, with the advantage that the wound can be sutured after resection to avoid postoperative complications. 4.Open surgery Suitable for cancerous polyps which are difficult to be completely removed under endoscopy and have a high location. The decision of whether to preserve the rectum is based on the distribution of polyps.