Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the colon refers to mild to moderate heterogeneous hyperplasia, which is a precancerous lesion with a certain risk of malignancy and should be treated by endoscopic resection. Heterogeneous hyperplasia refers to the difference in the morphology, arrangement, and nuclear pattern of the cells in the lesion and the normal tissue cells. Heteroplasia can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, with mild referring to a cumulative total of <1/3 layer of colonic mucosa from heteroplasia, and moderate referring to involvement of 1/3 to 2/3 of the mucosa. Intraepithelial neoplasia is used to describe the process of heterogeneous hyperplasia to carcinoma in situ, and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia refers to mild and moderate heterogeneous hyperplasia. Heterogeneous hyperplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia, and carcinoma in situ are all precancerous lesions that carry some risk of malignancy. In general, mild intraepithelial neoplasia should be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection or dissection. It is recommended that patients consult a specialist in time and follow the doctor's instructions for treatment and follow-up.